i am glad syd admitted the good job done by our hero Dr.khan and allama iqbal but hassn nisar is mad what else muslims invented. i would ask hassan nisar,he is mad with other muslims for not inventing anything but what did he or his family invented so he would be so much proud of except hatred against the muslims.he is just taking his grudge out because he is qadiani and they were declared non muslim.why calling our hero "chor"i dont like it, he is talking our enemy's language we should know this.what about if i call him shrabbi and kababi,how would he like it which is true.As for Dr.salam is concerned,we always do admire his acievements,we are very proud of him and praise him, he had his own vision we dont argue about it.we never talk against him,may god bless his soul.
Something about Hassan Nisar... A MUST WATCH
- Thread starter real.pakistani
- Start date
???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????
PATRIOTIC_PAKISTANI
Minister (2k+ posts)
A nice video..
Nice work been done by the compiler of this video & sufficient clear and arguable points ve been made..
so called scholors like Hood Boy, Nazir Naji & Hassan Nisar are same like suicide bombers. They are and been killing the legacy & fortune of the nation. Our leaders are sucking our bloods,, terrorists destroys our flesh & scholors like these says while standing on our skeleton " Burn them"
Aaaahhhhhhh ALLAH ... Please help uss....
we know that you gave us warning ... we saw kashmir manoevering , a mountains coming over each otha.. But ALLAH you always forgives.. Forgive uss one more time... please give strengh to all our nation to wipe these satans from our soil and sins outa our body
Amen
Thanks for this video
Nice work been done by the compiler of this video & sufficient clear and arguable points ve been made..
so called scholors like Hood Boy, Nazir Naji & Hassan Nisar are same like suicide bombers. They are and been killing the legacy & fortune of the nation. Our leaders are sucking our bloods,, terrorists destroys our flesh & scholors like these says while standing on our skeleton " Burn them"
Aaaahhhhhhh ALLAH ... Please help uss....
we know that you gave us warning ... we saw kashmir manoevering , a mountains coming over each otha.. But ALLAH you always forgives.. Forgive uss one more time... please give strengh to all our nation to wipe these satans from our soil and sins outa our body
Amen
Thanks for this video
biomat
Minister (2k+ posts)
Modern Muslim Scientists and Researchers
*
As I was reading a biography about the Egyptian scientist Ali Mustafa Mosharrafa, I wondered why werent we taught about such a man during our school years.
But further, I realized that we, as muslims, are always focusing on our historic achievements during the Islamic Khilafa era, while these days, our modern history includes distinguished scientists and researchers that we should learn about and be proud of.
Im including below a few of the ones I know, particularly from Egypt, where I come from.
Ali Moustafa Mosharafa:
A physicist who was professor of applied mathematics, the Faculty of Science at Cairo University. He contributed to the development of the theory of relativity and was one of the few in close contact with Albert Einstein.
He was an Arab pioneer in natural sciences. He wrote 26 significant researches including theoretical explanations of natural phenomena. He expounded a theory which facilitated the study of the basic structure of the atom.
Sameera Mousa
Was a nuclear scientist who held a doctorate in atomic radiation and worked to make the medical use of nuclear technology affordable to all. She organized the Atomic Energy for Peace Conference and sponsored a call for setting an international conference under the banner Atom for Peace.
Farooq El Baaz
A scientist who worked with NASA to assist in the planning of scientific exploration of the Moon, including the selection of landing sites for the Apollo missions and the training of astronauts in lunar observations and photography.
Mostafa El Sayed
A chemical physicist, a leading nanoscience researcher. He is known for the spectroscopy rule named after him, El-Sayed rule.
Ahmed Zewail
The winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry. He is the Linus Pauling Chair Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics at the California Institute of Technology.
Ahmed Shafik
A renowned surgeon and a devoted researcher. He developed a new technique for urinary diversion , known internationally as Shafik I. In 1967, he surprised the world with the very first ever known bladder transplantation.
Since muxlim has members from different countries, I'd be delighted to know about muslim scientists from these countries too, which I'm sure are present and are making lots of contributions to our world.
So please, if you know any, enlighten us :-)
Resources:
wikipedia
http://www.ahmedshafik.com/
*
As I was reading a biography about the Egyptian scientist Ali Mustafa Mosharrafa, I wondered why werent we taught about such a man during our school years.
But further, I realized that we, as muslims, are always focusing on our historic achievements during the Islamic Khilafa era, while these days, our modern history includes distinguished scientists and researchers that we should learn about and be proud of.
Im including below a few of the ones I know, particularly from Egypt, where I come from.
Ali Moustafa Mosharafa:
A physicist who was professor of applied mathematics, the Faculty of Science at Cairo University. He contributed to the development of the theory of relativity and was one of the few in close contact with Albert Einstein.
He was an Arab pioneer in natural sciences. He wrote 26 significant researches including theoretical explanations of natural phenomena. He expounded a theory which facilitated the study of the basic structure of the atom.
Sameera Mousa
Was a nuclear scientist who held a doctorate in atomic radiation and worked to make the medical use of nuclear technology affordable to all. She organized the Atomic Energy for Peace Conference and sponsored a call for setting an international conference under the banner Atom for Peace.
Farooq El Baaz
A scientist who worked with NASA to assist in the planning of scientific exploration of the Moon, including the selection of landing sites for the Apollo missions and the training of astronauts in lunar observations and photography.
Mostafa El Sayed
A chemical physicist, a leading nanoscience researcher. He is known for the spectroscopy rule named after him, El-Sayed rule.
Ahmed Zewail
The winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry. He is the Linus Pauling Chair Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics at the California Institute of Technology.
Ahmed Shafik
A renowned surgeon and a devoted researcher. He developed a new technique for urinary diversion , known internationally as Shafik I. In 1967, he surprised the world with the very first ever known bladder transplantation.
Since muxlim has members from different countries, I'd be delighted to know about muslim scientists from these countries too, which I'm sure are present and are making lots of contributions to our world.
So please, if you know any, enlighten us :-)
Resources:
wikipedia
http://www.ahmedshafik.com/
biomat
Minister (2k+ posts)
http://www.exhibitcommons.org/exhibits/travelingexhibitions/islamicscience/
[video]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1j_RFpKEsA[/video]
[video]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1j_RFpKEsA[/video]
biomat
Minister (2k+ posts)
Assalam-o-alaikum
I found out this by searching wikipedia... I think Hassan Nisar didnot learned from good education system or institution.. Also Jury bhai dont just support Munafiqs & closed minded persons.. His main point may be accepted that we have to see our own mistakes, but all the points, logics & language he used are useless & just negative propaganda.. I hope u will see my post & other sis/bros post about muslims contribution.. Actually our media doesnot portray it or let us know.. We have all the heritage, knowledge & skill to serve in modern days, but they are not encouraged... Hope u will understand..
If some one can pass on this thread (replies from our sis/bros) to Mr Hassan Nisar, who knows he might get Hidayat..
Jaza-k-ALLAH to all of you guys...
***********************************************************
Astronomers and Astrophysicists
Main article: List of Muslim astronomers
Further information: Islamic astronomy
* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
* Jafar al-Sadiq
* Yaq?b ibn T?riq
* Ibrahim al-Fazari
* Muhammad al-Fazari
* Naubakht
* Al-Khwarizmi, also a mathematician
* Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
* Al-Farghani
* Ban? M?s? (Ben Mousa)
o Ja'far Muhammad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Ahmad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Al-Hasan ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
* Th?bit ibn Qurra (Thebit)
o Sinan ibn Thabit
o Ibrahim ibn Sinan
* Al-Majriti
* Muhammad ibn J?bir al-Harr?n? al-Batt?n? (Albatenius)
* Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
* Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi
* Abu Sa'id Gorgani
* Kushyar ibn Labban
* Ab? Ja'far al-Kh?zin
* Al-Mahani
* Al-Marwazi
* Al-Nayrizi
* Al-Saghani
* Al-Farghani
* Abu Nasr Mansur
* Ab? Sahl al-Q?h? (Kuhi)
* Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
* Ab? al-Waf?' al-B?zj?n?
* Ibn Yunus
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen)
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?
* Avicenna
* Ab? Ish?q Ibr?h?m al-Zarq?l? (Arzachel)
* Omar Khayym
* Al-Khazini
* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
* Ibn Tufail (Abubacer)
* Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (Alpetragius)
* Averroes
* Al-Jazari
* Sharaf al-D?n al-T?s?
* Anvari
* Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
* Nasir al-Din Tusi
* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
* Ibn al-Shatir
* Shams al-D?n al-Samarqand?
* Jamsh?d al-K?sh?
* Ulugh Beg, also a mathematician
* Taqi al-Din, Ottoman astronomer
* Ahmad Nahavandi
* Haly Abenragel
* Abolfadl Harawi
* Kerim Kerimov, a founder of Soviet space program, a lead architect behind first human spaceflight (Vostok 1), and the lead architect of the first space stations (Salyut and Mir)[1][2]
* Farouk El-Baz, a NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program[3]
* Abdul Kalam
* Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
* Muhammed Faris
* Abdul Ahad Mohmand
* Talgat Musabayev
* Anousheh Ansari
* Amir Ansari
* Essam Heggy, a planetary scientist involved in the NASA Mars Exploration Program[4]
* Ahmed Salem
* Mohamed Sultan
* Shadia Habbal specialist in sun physics.
* Sultana Nurun Nahar specialist in atomic astrophysics and spectroscopy.
* Ahmed Noor[5]
* [removed due to inaccuracy/unverifiable fact]
* Arif Babul, Distinguished Professor and Director, Canadian Computational Cosmology Collaboration, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria - an Astrophysiscist involved in research pertaining to Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies... [6]; Also See interview at [7]
[edit] Chemists and Alchemists
Further information: Alchemy (Islam)
* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
* Jafar al-Sadiq
* Jabir Ibn Hayyan (Geber), father of chemistry[8][9][10]
* Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman)
* Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
* Al-Majriti
* Ibn Miskawayh
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?
* Avicenna
* Al-Khazini
* Nasir al-Din Tusi
* Hasan al-Rammah
* Ibn Khaldun
* Sake Dean Mahomet
* Salimuzzaman Siddiqui
* Al-Khw?rizm? Father of Al-Gabra, (Mathematics)
* Ahmed H. Zewail, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1999[11]
* Ali Eftekhari
[edit] Economists and Social Scientists
Further information: Islamic sociology, Early Muslim sociology, and Islamic economics in the world
See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam
* Abu Hanifa an-Numan (699-767), economist
* Abu Yusuf (731-798), economist
* Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi (854931), economist
* Al-Farabi (Alpharabius) (873950), economist
* Al-Saghani (d. 990), one of the earliest historians of science[12]
* Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n? (973-1048), considered the "first anthropologist"[13] and father of Indology[14]
* Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (9801037), economist
* Ibn Miskawayh (b. 1030), economist
* Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (10581111), economist
* Al-Mawardi (10751158), economist
* Nas?r al-D?n al-T?s? (Tusi) (1201-1274), economist
* Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288), sociologist
* Ibn Taymiyyah (12631328), economist
* Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), forerunner of social sciences[15] such as demography,[16] cultural history,[17] historiography,[18] philosophy of history,[19] sociology[16][19] and economics[20][21]
* Al-Maqrizi (1364-1442), economist
* Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani social scientist; pioneer of microcredit
* Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistani economist; developer of Human Development Index and founder of Human Development Report[22][23]
[edit] Geographers and Earth Scientists
Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution
* Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography[24]
* Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science[25]
* Qusta ibn Luqa
* Ibn Al-Jazzar
* Al-Tamimi
* Al-Masihi
* Avicenna
* Ali ibn Ridwan
* Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
* Ahmad ibn Fadlan
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?, father of geodesy,[13][16] considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"[13]
* Avicenna
* Ibn Jumay
* Abd-el-latif
* Averroes
* Ibn al-Nafis
* Ibn al-Quff
* Ibn Battuta
* Ibn Khaldun
* Piri Reis
* Evliya elebi
* Zaghloul El-Naggar
Abdullahi Anshur Jimale
[edit] Mathematicians
Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies
* Al-Hajj?j ibn Y?suf ibn Matar
* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
* Muhammad ibn M?s? al-Khw?rizm? (Algorismi) - father of algebra[26] and algorithms[27]
* 'Abd al-Ham?d ibn Turk
* Ab? al-Hasan ibn Al? al-Qalas?d? (1412-1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra[28]
* Ab? K?mil Shuj? ibn Aslam
* Al-Abb?s ibn Said al-Jawhar?
* Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
* Ban? M?s? (Ben Mousa)
o Ja'far Muhammad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Al-Hasan ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
* Al-Mahani
* Ahmed ibn Yusuf
* Th?bit ibn Qurra (Thebit)
o Sinan ibn Thabit
o Ibrahim ibn Sinan
* Al-Majriti
* Muhammad ibn J?bir al-Harr?n? al-Batt?n? (Albatenius)
* Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
* Al-Khalili
* Al-Nayrizi
* Ab? Ja'far al-Kh?zin
* Brethren of Purity
* Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
* Al-Saghani
* Ab? Sahl al-Q?h?
* Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
* Ab? al-Waf?' al-B?zj?n?
* Ibn Sahl
* Al-Sijzi
* Ibn Yunus
* Abu Nasr Mansur
* Kushyar ibn Labban
* Al-Karaji
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?
* Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
* Al-Nasawi
* Al-Jayyani
* Ab? Ish?q Ibr?h?m al-Zarq?l? (Arzachel)
* Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
* Omar Khayym
* Al-Khazini
* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
* Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
* Al-Marrakushi
* Al-Samawal
* Averroes
* Avicenna
* Hunayn ibn Ishaq
* Ibn al-Banna'
* Ibn al-Shatir
* Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
* Jamsh?d al-K?sh?
* Kam?l al-D?n al-F?ris?
* Mu?yi al-D?n al-Maghrib?
* Maryam Mirzakhani
* Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
* Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
* Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher
* Q??? Z?da al-R?m?
* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
* Shams al-D?n al-Samarqand?
* Sharaf al-D?n al-T?s?
* Taqi al-Din
* Ulugh Beg
* Lotfi Asker Zadeh, Iranian computer scientist; founder of Fuzzy Mathematics and fuzzy set theory[29][30]
* Cumrun Vafa
* Jeffrey Lang Professor at the University of Kansas converted to Islam from atheism
[edit] Biologists, Neuroscientists and Psychologists
Further information: Islamic psychological thought
* Ibn Sirin (654728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation[31]
* Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy[32]
* Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology[33]
* Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health,[34] medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine[35]
* Najab ud-din Muhammad, pioneer of mental disorder classification[36]
* Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies[37]
* Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas), pioneer of neuroanatomy, neurobiology and neurophysiology[37]
* Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[38]
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception[39]
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?, pioneer of reaction time[40]
* Avicenna (Ibn Sina), pioneer of physiological psychology,[36] neuropsychiatry,[41] thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness[42]
* Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology[38]
* Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease[38]
* Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture[43]
* Teepu Siddique, neurologist and pioneer in neurogenetics and ALS.
* Pardis Sabeti
[edit] Physicians and Surgeons
Main article: Muslim doctors
Further information: Islamic medicine
* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
* Jafar al-Sadiq
* Shapur ibn Sahl (d. 869), pioneer of pharmacy and pharmacopoeia[44]
* Al-Kindi (Alkindus) (801-873), pioneer of pharmacology[45]
* Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman) (810-887)
* Al-Jahiz, pioneer of natural selection
* Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of medical encyclopedia[33]
* Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi
* Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi (854931), pioneer of peer review and medical peer review[46]
* Al-Farabi (Alpharabius)
* Ibn Al-Jazzar (circa 898-980)
* Abul Hasan al-Tabari - physician
* Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari - physician
* Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (d. 994), pioneer of obstetrics and perinatology[47]
* Abu Gaafar Amed ibn Ibrahim ibn abi Halid al-Gazzar (10th century), pioneer of dental restoration[48]
* Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) - father of modern surgery, and pioneer of neurosurgery,[38] craniotomy,[47] hematology[49] and dental surgery[50]
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), pioneer of eye surgery, visual system[51] and visual perception[52]
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?
* Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) - father of modern medicine,[53] founder of Unani medicine,[49] pioneer of experimental medicine, evidence-based medicine, pharmaceutical sciences, clinical pharmacology,[54] aromatherapy,[55] pulsology and sphygmology,[56] and also a philosopher
* Ibn Miskawayh
* Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) - father of experimental surgery,[57] and pioneer of experimental anatomy, experimental physiology, human dissection, autopsy[58] and tracheotomy[59]
* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
* Ibn Tufail (Abubacer)
* Averroes
* Ibn al-Baitar
* Ibn Jazla
* Nasir al-Din Tusi
* Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288), father of circulatory physiology, pioneer of circulatory anatomy,[60] and founder of Nafisian anatomy, physiology,[61] pulsology and sphygmology[62]
* Ibn al-Quff (1233-1305), pioneer of modern embryology[47]
* Kam?l al-D?n al-F?ris?
* Ibn Khatima (14th century), pioneer of bacteriology and microbiology[63]
* Ibn al-Khatib (1313-1374)
* Mansur ibn Ilyas
* Saghir Akhtar - pharmacist
* Toffy Musivand
* Samuel Rahbar
* Muhammad B. Yunus, the "father of our modern view of fibromyalgia"[64]
* Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, pioneer of biomedical research in space[65][66]
* Hulusi Behet, known for the discovery of Behet's disease
* Ibrahim B. Syed - radiologist
* Mehmet z, cardiothoracic surgeon
[edit] Physicists & Engineers
Further information: Islamic physics
* Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
* Ban? M?s? (Ben Mousa), 9th century
o Ja'far Muhammad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Ahmad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Al-Hasan ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
* Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
* Th?bit ibn Qurra (Thebit), 9th century
* Al-Saghani, 10th century
* Ab? Sahl al-Q?h? (Kuhi), 10th century
* Ibn Sahl, 10th century
* Ibn Yunus, 10th century
* Al-Karaji, 10th century
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics,[67] pioneer of scientific method[68] and experimental physics,[69] considered the "first scientist"[70]
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics[71]
* Avicenna, 11th century
* Al-Khazini, 12th century
* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
* Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century
* Averroes, 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
* Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer, father of robotics,[10] father of modern engineering[72]
* Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
* Kam?l al-D?n al-F?ris?, 13th century
* Hasan al-Rammah, 13th century
* Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century
* Taqi al-Din, 16th century
* Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, 17th century
* Lagari Hasan elebi, 17th century
* Sake Dean Mahomet, 18th century
* Tipu Sultan, 18th century Indian mechanician
* Fazlur Khan, 20th century Bangladeshi mechanician
* Mahmoud Hessaby, 20th century Iranian physicist
* Ali Javan, 20th century Iranian physicist
* Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 20th century Indonesian aerospace engineer and president
* Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer and nuclear scientist
* Mehran Kardar, Iranian theoretical physicist
* Cumrun Vafa, Iranian mathematical physicist
* Nima Arkani-Hamed, American-born Iranian physicist
* Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Egyptian-born German Particle Physisist
* Munir Nayfeh Palestinian-American Particle Physicist
* Abdus Salam, Pakistani theoretical physicist - Nobel Prize in Physics 1979
* Riazuddin, Pakistani theoretical physicist
* Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani nuclear scientist
* Munir Ahmad Khan, Pakistani nuclear engineer
* Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani nuclear physicist
[edit] Political Scientists
* Syed Qutb
* Abul Ala Maududi
* Hasan al-Turabi
* Hassan al-Banna
* Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
* Shoaib ur Rehman Mughal
[edit] Other scientists and inventors
* Azizul Haque
* Prof Dr Mohammad Sharif Chattar
* Dr Allama Iqbal
I found out this by searching wikipedia... I think Hassan Nisar didnot learned from good education system or institution.. Also Jury bhai dont just support Munafiqs & closed minded persons.. His main point may be accepted that we have to see our own mistakes, but all the points, logics & language he used are useless & just negative propaganda.. I hope u will see my post & other sis/bros post about muslims contribution.. Actually our media doesnot portray it or let us know.. We have all the heritage, knowledge & skill to serve in modern days, but they are not encouraged... Hope u will understand..
If some one can pass on this thread (replies from our sis/bros) to Mr Hassan Nisar, who knows he might get Hidayat..
Jaza-k-ALLAH to all of you guys...
***********************************************************
Astronomers and Astrophysicists
Main article: List of Muslim astronomers
Further information: Islamic astronomy
* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
* Jafar al-Sadiq
* Yaq?b ibn T?riq
* Ibrahim al-Fazari
* Muhammad al-Fazari
* Naubakht
* Al-Khwarizmi, also a mathematician
* Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
* Al-Farghani
* Ban? M?s? (Ben Mousa)
o Ja'far Muhammad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Ahmad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Al-Hasan ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
* Th?bit ibn Qurra (Thebit)
o Sinan ibn Thabit
o Ibrahim ibn Sinan
* Al-Majriti
* Muhammad ibn J?bir al-Harr?n? al-Batt?n? (Albatenius)
* Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
* Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi
* Abu Sa'id Gorgani
* Kushyar ibn Labban
* Ab? Ja'far al-Kh?zin
* Al-Mahani
* Al-Marwazi
* Al-Nayrizi
* Al-Saghani
* Al-Farghani
* Abu Nasr Mansur
* Ab? Sahl al-Q?h? (Kuhi)
* Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
* Ab? al-Waf?' al-B?zj?n?
* Ibn Yunus
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen)
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?
* Avicenna
* Ab? Ish?q Ibr?h?m al-Zarq?l? (Arzachel)
* Omar Khayym
* Al-Khazini
* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
* Ibn Tufail (Abubacer)
* Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (Alpetragius)
* Averroes
* Al-Jazari
* Sharaf al-D?n al-T?s?
* Anvari
* Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
* Nasir al-Din Tusi
* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
* Ibn al-Shatir
* Shams al-D?n al-Samarqand?
* Jamsh?d al-K?sh?
* Ulugh Beg, also a mathematician
* Taqi al-Din, Ottoman astronomer
* Ahmad Nahavandi
* Haly Abenragel
* Abolfadl Harawi
* Kerim Kerimov, a founder of Soviet space program, a lead architect behind first human spaceflight (Vostok 1), and the lead architect of the first space stations (Salyut and Mir)[1][2]
* Farouk El-Baz, a NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program[3]
* Abdul Kalam
* Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
* Muhammed Faris
* Abdul Ahad Mohmand
* Talgat Musabayev
* Anousheh Ansari
* Amir Ansari
* Essam Heggy, a planetary scientist involved in the NASA Mars Exploration Program[4]
* Ahmed Salem
* Mohamed Sultan
* Shadia Habbal specialist in sun physics.
* Sultana Nurun Nahar specialist in atomic astrophysics and spectroscopy.
* Ahmed Noor[5]
* [removed due to inaccuracy/unverifiable fact]
* Arif Babul, Distinguished Professor and Director, Canadian Computational Cosmology Collaboration, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria - an Astrophysiscist involved in research pertaining to Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies... [6]; Also See interview at [7]
[edit] Chemists and Alchemists
Further information: Alchemy (Islam)
* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
* Jafar al-Sadiq
* Jabir Ibn Hayyan (Geber), father of chemistry[8][9][10]
* Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman)
* Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
* Al-Majriti
* Ibn Miskawayh
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?
* Avicenna
* Al-Khazini
* Nasir al-Din Tusi
* Hasan al-Rammah
* Ibn Khaldun
* Sake Dean Mahomet
* Salimuzzaman Siddiqui
* Al-Khw?rizm? Father of Al-Gabra, (Mathematics)
* Ahmed H. Zewail, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1999[11]
* Ali Eftekhari
[edit] Economists and Social Scientists
Further information: Islamic sociology, Early Muslim sociology, and Islamic economics in the world
See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam
* Abu Hanifa an-Numan (699-767), economist
* Abu Yusuf (731-798), economist
* Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi (854931), economist
* Al-Farabi (Alpharabius) (873950), economist
* Al-Saghani (d. 990), one of the earliest historians of science[12]
* Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n? (973-1048), considered the "first anthropologist"[13] and father of Indology[14]
* Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (9801037), economist
* Ibn Miskawayh (b. 1030), economist
* Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (10581111), economist
* Al-Mawardi (10751158), economist
* Nas?r al-D?n al-T?s? (Tusi) (1201-1274), economist
* Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288), sociologist
* Ibn Taymiyyah (12631328), economist
* Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), forerunner of social sciences[15] such as demography,[16] cultural history,[17] historiography,[18] philosophy of history,[19] sociology[16][19] and economics[20][21]
* Al-Maqrizi (1364-1442), economist
* Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani social scientist; pioneer of microcredit
* Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistani economist; developer of Human Development Index and founder of Human Development Report[22][23]
[edit] Geographers and Earth Scientists
Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution
* Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography[24]
* Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science[25]
* Qusta ibn Luqa
* Ibn Al-Jazzar
* Al-Tamimi
* Al-Masihi
* Avicenna
* Ali ibn Ridwan
* Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
* Ahmad ibn Fadlan
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?, father of geodesy,[13][16] considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"[13]
* Avicenna
* Ibn Jumay
* Abd-el-latif
* Averroes
* Ibn al-Nafis
* Ibn al-Quff
* Ibn Battuta
* Ibn Khaldun
* Piri Reis
* Evliya elebi
* Zaghloul El-Naggar
Abdullahi Anshur Jimale
[edit] Mathematicians
Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies
* Al-Hajj?j ibn Y?suf ibn Matar
* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
* Muhammad ibn M?s? al-Khw?rizm? (Algorismi) - father of algebra[26] and algorithms[27]
* 'Abd al-Ham?d ibn Turk
* Ab? al-Hasan ibn Al? al-Qalas?d? (1412-1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra[28]
* Ab? K?mil Shuj? ibn Aslam
* Al-Abb?s ibn Said al-Jawhar?
* Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
* Ban? M?s? (Ben Mousa)
o Ja'far Muhammad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Al-Hasan ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
* Al-Mahani
* Ahmed ibn Yusuf
* Th?bit ibn Qurra (Thebit)
o Sinan ibn Thabit
o Ibrahim ibn Sinan
* Al-Majriti
* Muhammad ibn J?bir al-Harr?n? al-Batt?n? (Albatenius)
* Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
* Al-Khalili
* Al-Nayrizi
* Ab? Ja'far al-Kh?zin
* Brethren of Purity
* Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
* Al-Saghani
* Ab? Sahl al-Q?h?
* Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
* Ab? al-Waf?' al-B?zj?n?
* Ibn Sahl
* Al-Sijzi
* Ibn Yunus
* Abu Nasr Mansur
* Kushyar ibn Labban
* Al-Karaji
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?
* Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
* Al-Nasawi
* Al-Jayyani
* Ab? Ish?q Ibr?h?m al-Zarq?l? (Arzachel)
* Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
* Omar Khayym
* Al-Khazini
* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
* Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
* Al-Marrakushi
* Al-Samawal
* Averroes
* Avicenna
* Hunayn ibn Ishaq
* Ibn al-Banna'
* Ibn al-Shatir
* Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
* Jamsh?d al-K?sh?
* Kam?l al-D?n al-F?ris?
* Mu?yi al-D?n al-Maghrib?
* Maryam Mirzakhani
* Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
* Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
* Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher
* Q??? Z?da al-R?m?
* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
* Shams al-D?n al-Samarqand?
* Sharaf al-D?n al-T?s?
* Taqi al-Din
* Ulugh Beg
* Lotfi Asker Zadeh, Iranian computer scientist; founder of Fuzzy Mathematics and fuzzy set theory[29][30]
* Cumrun Vafa
* Jeffrey Lang Professor at the University of Kansas converted to Islam from atheism
[edit] Biologists, Neuroscientists and Psychologists
Further information: Islamic psychological thought
* Ibn Sirin (654728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation[31]
* Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy[32]
* Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology[33]
* Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health,[34] medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine[35]
* Najab ud-din Muhammad, pioneer of mental disorder classification[36]
* Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies[37]
* Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas), pioneer of neuroanatomy, neurobiology and neurophysiology[37]
* Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[38]
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception[39]
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?, pioneer of reaction time[40]
* Avicenna (Ibn Sina), pioneer of physiological psychology,[36] neuropsychiatry,[41] thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness[42]
* Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology[38]
* Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease[38]
* Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture[43]
* Teepu Siddique, neurologist and pioneer in neurogenetics and ALS.
* Pardis Sabeti
[edit] Physicians and Surgeons
Main article: Muslim doctors
Further information: Islamic medicine
* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
* Jafar al-Sadiq
* Shapur ibn Sahl (d. 869), pioneer of pharmacy and pharmacopoeia[44]
* Al-Kindi (Alkindus) (801-873), pioneer of pharmacology[45]
* Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman) (810-887)
* Al-Jahiz, pioneer of natural selection
* Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of medical encyclopedia[33]
* Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi
* Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi (854931), pioneer of peer review and medical peer review[46]
* Al-Farabi (Alpharabius)
* Ibn Al-Jazzar (circa 898-980)
* Abul Hasan al-Tabari - physician
* Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari - physician
* Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (d. 994), pioneer of obstetrics and perinatology[47]
* Abu Gaafar Amed ibn Ibrahim ibn abi Halid al-Gazzar (10th century), pioneer of dental restoration[48]
* Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) - father of modern surgery, and pioneer of neurosurgery,[38] craniotomy,[47] hematology[49] and dental surgery[50]
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), pioneer of eye surgery, visual system[51] and visual perception[52]
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?
* Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) - father of modern medicine,[53] founder of Unani medicine,[49] pioneer of experimental medicine, evidence-based medicine, pharmaceutical sciences, clinical pharmacology,[54] aromatherapy,[55] pulsology and sphygmology,[56] and also a philosopher
* Ibn Miskawayh
* Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) - father of experimental surgery,[57] and pioneer of experimental anatomy, experimental physiology, human dissection, autopsy[58] and tracheotomy[59]
* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
* Ibn Tufail (Abubacer)
* Averroes
* Ibn al-Baitar
* Ibn Jazla
* Nasir al-Din Tusi
* Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288), father of circulatory physiology, pioneer of circulatory anatomy,[60] and founder of Nafisian anatomy, physiology,[61] pulsology and sphygmology[62]
* Ibn al-Quff (1233-1305), pioneer of modern embryology[47]
* Kam?l al-D?n al-F?ris?
* Ibn Khatima (14th century), pioneer of bacteriology and microbiology[63]
* Ibn al-Khatib (1313-1374)
* Mansur ibn Ilyas
* Saghir Akhtar - pharmacist
* Toffy Musivand
* Samuel Rahbar
* Muhammad B. Yunus, the "father of our modern view of fibromyalgia"[64]
* Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, pioneer of biomedical research in space[65][66]
* Hulusi Behet, known for the discovery of Behet's disease
* Ibrahim B. Syed - radiologist
* Mehmet z, cardiothoracic surgeon
[edit] Physicists & Engineers
Further information: Islamic physics
* Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
* Ban? M?s? (Ben Mousa), 9th century
o Ja'far Muhammad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Ahmad ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
o Al-Hasan ibn M?s? ibn Sh?kir
* Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
* Th?bit ibn Qurra (Thebit), 9th century
* Al-Saghani, 10th century
* Ab? Sahl al-Q?h? (Kuhi), 10th century
* Ibn Sahl, 10th century
* Ibn Yunus, 10th century
* Al-Karaji, 10th century
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics,[67] pioneer of scientific method[68] and experimental physics,[69] considered the "first scientist"[70]
* Ab? Rayh?n al-B?r?n?, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics[71]
* Avicenna, 11th century
* Al-Khazini, 12th century
* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
* Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century
* Averroes, 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
* Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer, father of robotics,[10] father of modern engineering[72]
* Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
* Kam?l al-D?n al-F?ris?, 13th century
* Hasan al-Rammah, 13th century
* Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century
* Taqi al-Din, 16th century
* Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, 17th century
* Lagari Hasan elebi, 17th century
* Sake Dean Mahomet, 18th century
* Tipu Sultan, 18th century Indian mechanician
* Fazlur Khan, 20th century Bangladeshi mechanician
* Mahmoud Hessaby, 20th century Iranian physicist
* Ali Javan, 20th century Iranian physicist
* Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 20th century Indonesian aerospace engineer and president
* Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer and nuclear scientist
* Mehran Kardar, Iranian theoretical physicist
* Cumrun Vafa, Iranian mathematical physicist
* Nima Arkani-Hamed, American-born Iranian physicist
* Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Egyptian-born German Particle Physisist
* Munir Nayfeh Palestinian-American Particle Physicist
* Abdus Salam, Pakistani theoretical physicist - Nobel Prize in Physics 1979
* Riazuddin, Pakistani theoretical physicist
* Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani nuclear scientist
* Munir Ahmad Khan, Pakistani nuclear engineer
* Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani nuclear physicist
[edit] Political Scientists
* Syed Qutb
* Abul Ala Maududi
* Hasan al-Turabi
* Hassan al-Banna
* Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
* Shoaib ur Rehman Mughal
[edit] Other scientists and inventors
* Azizul Haque
* Prof Dr Mohammad Sharif Chattar
* Dr Allama Iqbal
biomat
Minister (2k+ posts)
20 Greatest Inventions by Muslim Scientists
From coffee to cheques and the three-course meal, the Muslim world has given us many innovations that we take for granted in daily life. As a new exhibition opens, Paul Vallely nominates 20 of the most influential- and identifies the men of genius behind them Published: 11 March 2006
01 Coffee:
The story goes that an Arab named Khalid was tending his goats in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia, when he noticed his animals became livelier after eating a certain berry. He boiled the berries to make the first coffee. Certainly the first record of the drink is of beans exported from Ethiopia to Yemen where Sufis drank it to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions. By the late 15th century it had arrived in Mecca and Turkey from where it made its way to Venice in 1645. It was brought to England in 1650 by a Turk named Pasqua Rosee who opened the first coffee house in Lombard Street in the City of London.
The Arabic qahwa became the Turkish kahve then the Italian caff and then English coffee.
02 Pin-Hole Camera:
The ancient Greeks thought our eyes emitted rays, like a laser, which enabled us to see. The first person to realise that light enters the eye, rather than leaving it, was the 10th-century Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physicist Ibn al-Haitham. He invented the first pin-hole camera after noticing the way light came through a hole in window shutters. The smaller the hole, the better the picture, he worked out, and set up the first Camera Obscura (from the Arab word qamara for a dark or private room). He is also credited with being the first man to shift physics from a philosophical activity to an experimental one.
03 Chess:
A form of chess was played in ancient India but the game was developed into the form we know it today in Persia. From there it spread westward to Europe - where it was introduced by the Moors in Spain in the 10th century - and eastward as far as Japan. The word rook comes from the Persian rukh, which means chariot.
04 Parachute:
A thousand years before the Wright brothers a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas ibn Firnas made several attempts to construct a flying machine. In 852 he jumped from the minaret of the Grand Mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened with wooden struts. He hoped to glide like a bird. He didn't. But the cloak slowed his fall, creating what is thought to be the first parachute, and leaving him with only minor injuries. In 875, aged 70, having perfected a machine of silk and eagles' feathers he tried again, jumping from a mountain. He flew to a significant height and stayed aloft for ten minutes but crashed on landing - concluding, correctly, that it was because he had not given his device a tail so it would stall on landing.
Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon are named after him.
05 Shampoo:
Washing and bathing are religious requirements for Muslims, which is perhaps why they perfected the recipe for soap which we still use today. The ancient Egyptians had soap of a kind, as did the Romans who used it more as a pomade. But it was the Arabs who combined vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide and aromatics such as thyme oil. One of the Crusaders' most striking characteristics, to Arab nostrils, was that they did not
wash. Shampoo was introduced to England by a Muslim who opened Mahomed's Indian Vapour Baths on Brighton seafront in 1759 and was appointed Shampooing Surgeon to Kings George IV and William IV.
06 Refinement:
Distillation, the means of separating liquids through differences in their boiling points, was invented around the year 800 by Islam's foremost scientist, Jabir ibn Hayyan, who transformed alchemy into chemistry, inventing many of the basic processes and apparatus still in use today - liquefaction, crystallisation, distillation, purification, oxidisation, evaporation and filtration. As well as discovering sulphuric and nitric acid, he invented the alembic still, giving the world intense rosewater and other perfumes and alcoholic spirits (although drinking them is haram, or forbidden, in Islam). Ibn Hayyan emphasised systematic experimentation and was the founder of modern chemistry.
07 Shaft:
The crank-shaft is a device which translates rotary into linear motion and is central to much of the machinery in the modern world, not least the internal combustion engine. One of the most important mechanical inventions in the history of humankind, it was created by an ingenious Muslim engineer called al-Jazari to raise water for irrigation. His 1206 Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices shows he also invented or refined the use of valves and pistons, devised some of the first mechanical clocks driven by water and weights, and was the father of robotics. Among his 50 other inventions was the combination lock.
08 Metal Armor:
Quilting is a method of sewing or tying two layers of cloth with a layer of insulating material in between. It is not clear whether it was invented in the Muslim world or whether it was imported there from India or China. But it certainly came to the West via the Crusaders. They saw it used by Saracen warriors, who wore straw-filled quilted canvas shirts instead of armour. As well as a form of protection, it proved an effective guard against the chafing of the Crusaders' metal armour and was an effective form of insulation - so much so that it became a cottage industry back home in colder climates such as Britain and Holland.
09 Pointed Arch:
The pointed arch so characteristic of Europe's Gothic cathedrals was an invention borrowed from Islamic architecture. It was much stronger than the rounded arch used by the Romans and Normans, thus allowing the building of bigger, higher, more complex and grander buildings. Other borrowings from Muslim genius included ribbed vaulting, rose windows and dome-building techniques. Europe's castles were also adapted to copy the Islamic world's - with arrow slits, battlements, a barbican and parapets. Square towers and keeps gave way to more easily defended round ones. Henry V's castle architect was a Muslim.
10 Surgery:
Many modern surgical instruments are of exactly the same design as those devised in the 10th century by a Muslim surgeon called al-Zahrawi. His scalpels, bone saws, forceps, fine scissors for eye surgery and many of the 200 instruments he devised are recognisable to a modern surgeon.
It was he who discovered that catgut used for internal stitches dissolves away naturally (a discovery he made when his monkey ate his lute strings) and that it can be also used to make medicine capsules. In the 13th century, another Muslim medic named Ibn Nafis described the circulation of the blood, 300 years before William Harvey discovered it.
Muslims doctors also invented anaesthetics of opium and alcohol mixes and developed hollow needles to suck cataracts from eyes in a technique still used today.
11 Windmill:
The windmill was invented in 634 for a Persian caliph and was used to grind corn and draw up water for irrigation. In the vast deserts of Arabia, when the seasonal streams ran dry, the only source of power was the wind which blew steadily from one direction for months. Mills had six or 12 sails covered in fabric or palm leaves. It was 500 years before the first windmill was seen in Europe.
12 Vaccination:
The technique of inoculation was not invented by Jenner and Pasteur but was devised in the Muslim world and brought to Europe from Turkey by the wife of the English ambassador to Istanbul in 1724. Children in Turkey were vaccinated with cowpox to fight the deadly smallpox at least 50 years before the West discovered it.
13 Fountain Pen:
The fountain pen was invented for the Sultan of Egypt in 953 after he demanded a pen which would not stain his hands or clothes. It held ink in a reservoir and, as with modern pens, fed ink to the nib by a combination of gravity and capillary action.
14 Numerical Numbering:
The system of numbering in use all round the world is probably Indian in origin but the style of the numerals is Arabic and first appears in print in the work of the Muslim mathematicians al-Khwarizmi and al-Kindi around 825. Algebra was named after al-Khwarizmi's book, Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah, much of whose contents are still in use. The work of Muslim maths scholars was imported into Europe 300 years later by the Italian mathematician Fibonacci. Algorithms and much of the theory of trigonometry came from the Muslim world. And Al-Kindi's discovery of frequency analysis rendered all the codes of the ancient world soluble and created the basis of modern cryptology.
15 Soup:
Ali ibn Nafi, known by his nickname of Ziryab (Blackbird) came from Iraq to Cordoba in the 9th century and brought with him the concept of the three-course meal - soup, followed by fish or meat, then fruit and nuts. He also introduced crystal glasses (which had been invented after experiments with rock crystal by Abbas ibn Firnas - see No 4).
16 Carpets:
Carpets were regarded as part of Paradise by medieval Muslims, thanks to their advanced weaving techniques, new tinctures from Islamic chemistry and highly developed sense of pattern and arabesque which were the basis of Islam's non-representational art. In contrast, Europe's floors were distinctly earthly, not to say earthy, until Arabian and Persian carpets were introduced. In England, as Erasmus recorded, floors were "covered in rushes, occasionally renewed, but so imperfectly that the bottom layer is left undisturbed, sometimes for 20 years, harbouring expectoration, vomiting, the leakage of dogs and men, ale droppings, scraps of fish, and other abominations not fit to be mentioned".
Carpets, unsurprisingly, caught on quickly.
17 Pay Cheques:
The modern cheque comes from the Arabic saqq, a written vow to pay for goods when they were delivered, to avoid money having to be transported across dangerous terrain. In the 9th century, a Muslim businessman could cash a cheque in China drawn on his bank in Baghdad.
18 Earch is in sphere shape?
By the 9th century, many Muslim scholars took it for granted that the Earth was a sphere. The proof, said astronomer Ibn Hazm, "is that the
Sun is always vertical to a particular spot on Earth". It was 500 years before that realisation dawned on Galileo. The calculations of Muslim astronomers were so accurate that in the 9th century they reckoned the Earth's circumference to be 40, 253.4km - less than 200km out. The scholar al-Idrisi took a globe depicting the world to the court of King Roger of Sicily in 1139.
19 Rocket and Torpedo:
Though the Chinese invented saltpetre gunpowder, and used it in their fireworks, it was the Arabs who worked out that it could be purified using potassium nitrate for military use. Muslim incendiary devices terrified the Crusaders. By the 15th century they had invented both a rocket, which they called a "self-moving and combusting egg", and a torpedo - a self-propelled pear-shaped bomb with a spear at the front which impaled itself in enemy ships and then blew up.
20 Gardens:
Medieval Europe had kitchen and herb gardens, but it was the Arabs who developed the idea of the garden as a place of beauty and meditation. The first royal pleasure gardens in Europe were opened in 11th-century Muslim Spain. Flowers which originated in Muslim gardens include the carnation and the tulip
From coffee to cheques and the three-course meal, the Muslim world has given us many innovations that we take for granted in daily life. As a new exhibition opens, Paul Vallely nominates 20 of the most influential- and identifies the men of genius behind them Published: 11 March 2006
01 Coffee:
The story goes that an Arab named Khalid was tending his goats in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia, when he noticed his animals became livelier after eating a certain berry. He boiled the berries to make the first coffee. Certainly the first record of the drink is of beans exported from Ethiopia to Yemen where Sufis drank it to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions. By the late 15th century it had arrived in Mecca and Turkey from where it made its way to Venice in 1645. It was brought to England in 1650 by a Turk named Pasqua Rosee who opened the first coffee house in Lombard Street in the City of London.
The Arabic qahwa became the Turkish kahve then the Italian caff and then English coffee.
02 Pin-Hole Camera:
The ancient Greeks thought our eyes emitted rays, like a laser, which enabled us to see. The first person to realise that light enters the eye, rather than leaving it, was the 10th-century Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physicist Ibn al-Haitham. He invented the first pin-hole camera after noticing the way light came through a hole in window shutters. The smaller the hole, the better the picture, he worked out, and set up the first Camera Obscura (from the Arab word qamara for a dark or private room). He is also credited with being the first man to shift physics from a philosophical activity to an experimental one.
03 Chess:
A form of chess was played in ancient India but the game was developed into the form we know it today in Persia. From there it spread westward to Europe - where it was introduced by the Moors in Spain in the 10th century - and eastward as far as Japan. The word rook comes from the Persian rukh, which means chariot.
04 Parachute:
A thousand years before the Wright brothers a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas ibn Firnas made several attempts to construct a flying machine. In 852 he jumped from the minaret of the Grand Mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened with wooden struts. He hoped to glide like a bird. He didn't. But the cloak slowed his fall, creating what is thought to be the first parachute, and leaving him with only minor injuries. In 875, aged 70, having perfected a machine of silk and eagles' feathers he tried again, jumping from a mountain. He flew to a significant height and stayed aloft for ten minutes but crashed on landing - concluding, correctly, that it was because he had not given his device a tail so it would stall on landing.
Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon are named after him.
05 Shampoo:
Washing and bathing are religious requirements for Muslims, which is perhaps why they perfected the recipe for soap which we still use today. The ancient Egyptians had soap of a kind, as did the Romans who used it more as a pomade. But it was the Arabs who combined vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide and aromatics such as thyme oil. One of the Crusaders' most striking characteristics, to Arab nostrils, was that they did not
wash. Shampoo was introduced to England by a Muslim who opened Mahomed's Indian Vapour Baths on Brighton seafront in 1759 and was appointed Shampooing Surgeon to Kings George IV and William IV.
06 Refinement:
Distillation, the means of separating liquids through differences in their boiling points, was invented around the year 800 by Islam's foremost scientist, Jabir ibn Hayyan, who transformed alchemy into chemistry, inventing many of the basic processes and apparatus still in use today - liquefaction, crystallisation, distillation, purification, oxidisation, evaporation and filtration. As well as discovering sulphuric and nitric acid, he invented the alembic still, giving the world intense rosewater and other perfumes and alcoholic spirits (although drinking them is haram, or forbidden, in Islam). Ibn Hayyan emphasised systematic experimentation and was the founder of modern chemistry.
07 Shaft:
The crank-shaft is a device which translates rotary into linear motion and is central to much of the machinery in the modern world, not least the internal combustion engine. One of the most important mechanical inventions in the history of humankind, it was created by an ingenious Muslim engineer called al-Jazari to raise water for irrigation. His 1206 Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices shows he also invented or refined the use of valves and pistons, devised some of the first mechanical clocks driven by water and weights, and was the father of robotics. Among his 50 other inventions was the combination lock.
08 Metal Armor:
Quilting is a method of sewing or tying two layers of cloth with a layer of insulating material in between. It is not clear whether it was invented in the Muslim world or whether it was imported there from India or China. But it certainly came to the West via the Crusaders. They saw it used by Saracen warriors, who wore straw-filled quilted canvas shirts instead of armour. As well as a form of protection, it proved an effective guard against the chafing of the Crusaders' metal armour and was an effective form of insulation - so much so that it became a cottage industry back home in colder climates such as Britain and Holland.
09 Pointed Arch:
The pointed arch so characteristic of Europe's Gothic cathedrals was an invention borrowed from Islamic architecture. It was much stronger than the rounded arch used by the Romans and Normans, thus allowing the building of bigger, higher, more complex and grander buildings. Other borrowings from Muslim genius included ribbed vaulting, rose windows and dome-building techniques. Europe's castles were also adapted to copy the Islamic world's - with arrow slits, battlements, a barbican and parapets. Square towers and keeps gave way to more easily defended round ones. Henry V's castle architect was a Muslim.
10 Surgery:
Many modern surgical instruments are of exactly the same design as those devised in the 10th century by a Muslim surgeon called al-Zahrawi. His scalpels, bone saws, forceps, fine scissors for eye surgery and many of the 200 instruments he devised are recognisable to a modern surgeon.
It was he who discovered that catgut used for internal stitches dissolves away naturally (a discovery he made when his monkey ate his lute strings) and that it can be also used to make medicine capsules. In the 13th century, another Muslim medic named Ibn Nafis described the circulation of the blood, 300 years before William Harvey discovered it.
Muslims doctors also invented anaesthetics of opium and alcohol mixes and developed hollow needles to suck cataracts from eyes in a technique still used today.
11 Windmill:
The windmill was invented in 634 for a Persian caliph and was used to grind corn and draw up water for irrigation. In the vast deserts of Arabia, when the seasonal streams ran dry, the only source of power was the wind which blew steadily from one direction for months. Mills had six or 12 sails covered in fabric or palm leaves. It was 500 years before the first windmill was seen in Europe.
12 Vaccination:
The technique of inoculation was not invented by Jenner and Pasteur but was devised in the Muslim world and brought to Europe from Turkey by the wife of the English ambassador to Istanbul in 1724. Children in Turkey were vaccinated with cowpox to fight the deadly smallpox at least 50 years before the West discovered it.
13 Fountain Pen:
The fountain pen was invented for the Sultan of Egypt in 953 after he demanded a pen which would not stain his hands or clothes. It held ink in a reservoir and, as with modern pens, fed ink to the nib by a combination of gravity and capillary action.
14 Numerical Numbering:
The system of numbering in use all round the world is probably Indian in origin but the style of the numerals is Arabic and first appears in print in the work of the Muslim mathematicians al-Khwarizmi and al-Kindi around 825. Algebra was named after al-Khwarizmi's book, Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah, much of whose contents are still in use. The work of Muslim maths scholars was imported into Europe 300 years later by the Italian mathematician Fibonacci. Algorithms and much of the theory of trigonometry came from the Muslim world. And Al-Kindi's discovery of frequency analysis rendered all the codes of the ancient world soluble and created the basis of modern cryptology.
15 Soup:
Ali ibn Nafi, known by his nickname of Ziryab (Blackbird) came from Iraq to Cordoba in the 9th century and brought with him the concept of the three-course meal - soup, followed by fish or meat, then fruit and nuts. He also introduced crystal glasses (which had been invented after experiments with rock crystal by Abbas ibn Firnas - see No 4).
16 Carpets:
Carpets were regarded as part of Paradise by medieval Muslims, thanks to their advanced weaving techniques, new tinctures from Islamic chemistry and highly developed sense of pattern and arabesque which were the basis of Islam's non-representational art. In contrast, Europe's floors were distinctly earthly, not to say earthy, until Arabian and Persian carpets were introduced. In England, as Erasmus recorded, floors were "covered in rushes, occasionally renewed, but so imperfectly that the bottom layer is left undisturbed, sometimes for 20 years, harbouring expectoration, vomiting, the leakage of dogs and men, ale droppings, scraps of fish, and other abominations not fit to be mentioned".
Carpets, unsurprisingly, caught on quickly.
17 Pay Cheques:
The modern cheque comes from the Arabic saqq, a written vow to pay for goods when they were delivered, to avoid money having to be transported across dangerous terrain. In the 9th century, a Muslim businessman could cash a cheque in China drawn on his bank in Baghdad.
18 Earch is in sphere shape?
By the 9th century, many Muslim scholars took it for granted that the Earth was a sphere. The proof, said astronomer Ibn Hazm, "is that the
Sun is always vertical to a particular spot on Earth". It was 500 years before that realisation dawned on Galileo. The calculations of Muslim astronomers were so accurate that in the 9th century they reckoned the Earth's circumference to be 40, 253.4km - less than 200km out. The scholar al-Idrisi took a globe depicting the world to the court of King Roger of Sicily in 1139.
19 Rocket and Torpedo:
Though the Chinese invented saltpetre gunpowder, and used it in their fireworks, it was the Arabs who worked out that it could be purified using potassium nitrate for military use. Muslim incendiary devices terrified the Crusaders. By the 15th century they had invented both a rocket, which they called a "self-moving and combusting egg", and a torpedo - a self-propelled pear-shaped bomb with a spear at the front which impaled itself in enemy ships and then blew up.
20 Gardens:
Medieval Europe had kitchen and herb gardens, but it was the Arabs who developed the idea of the garden as a place of beauty and meditation. The first royal pleasure gardens in Europe were opened in 11th-century Muslim Spain. Flowers which originated in Muslim gardens include the carnation and the tulip
mmluqman
Voter (50+ posts)
@biomat
Thanks a lot for the post. In fact I was googling for some information and ended up at your post. I would like to extend your post with a couple of references:
1. How Islamic inventors changed the world
( http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/how-islamic-inventors-changed-the-world-469452.html )
2. 20 Islamic Inventions
( http://www.wikiislam.com/wiki/20_Islamic_Inventions )
The second link provides a very good analysis. There is a strong need to counter their arguments with some valid references.
Thanks a lot for the post. In fact I was googling for some information and ended up at your post. I would like to extend your post with a couple of references:
1. How Islamic inventors changed the world
( http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/how-islamic-inventors-changed-the-world-469452.html )
2. 20 Islamic Inventions
( http://www.wikiislam.com/wiki/20_Islamic_Inventions )
The second link provides a very good analysis. There is a strong need to counter their arguments with some valid references.
Jury said:
I like ur views Jury.....but problem is that these people doenst want to listen and understand the truth and reality..........these people icluding this guy Abass ali....just want to put their agenda on top, if some one come with a truth they will not let them speak or if some one form media do a program wich is base on turht and reality they do false prpogenda against them.....Haassan nisar is one of the best gernolist in pakistan who speak a truth whicn lot of people doesnt take it.......but u guyz have to udnerstand one thing that truth doesnt rellay on ur wishes....
Nepali Pandit
MPA (400+ posts)
Losers live in the past. Winners learn from the past and enjoy working in the present toward the future.
-Denis Waitley
If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future
-Winston Churchill
-Denis Waitley
If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future
-Winston Churchill
taul
Siasat.pk - Blogger
--"The glory of great men should be measured by the means they have used to acquire it".
-Franois de la Rochefoucauld
--"Death comes to all, but great achievements build a monument which shall endure until the sun grows cold"
-Ralph Waldo Emerson
--The greatest homage we can pay to truth is to use it.
-Ralph Waldo Emerson
-Franois de la Rochefoucauld
--"Death comes to all, but great achievements build a monument which shall endure until the sun grows cold"
-Ralph Waldo Emerson
--The greatest homage we can pay to truth is to use it.
-Ralph Waldo Emerson
Jury said:
1) Pak Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)was established in 1956 and headed by a Qadyani (like Abdul Salam), Munir Ahmad Khan from 1972. What did they do since 1956. These Qadyani can't be sincere with Pakistan. If making of Atomic Bomb is an easy process, every one would make it. Iran, Libya and other Arab country are richer than us and Iran is still struggling for its making. Libya was trying to make it but he abandoned the whole process under US pressure.
You said that Japan, Malaysia and other countries can make it but are not making it due to ban. You are living in fools paradise. It is ban on those countries who signed CTBT and NPT, Pakistan didnt sign any one it and who said it an easy process. It is most difficult process of the metallurgy.
Uranium exist in two isotopic forms U238 (99.2% in nature) and U235 (0.72% in nature). We need U235 for Atomic Bomb. So we have to enrich U235 from 0.71 % to 90% (the grade which can be used for Fission). This is carried out by various processes. Centrifuge is of the method and we used them. Iran is also trying to establish it.
You know where A Q Khan was working in Europe? Let me tell you. He was working in a joint venture of Holland, West Germany and Britain. They were working for the enrichment of U235. If it would an easy job, why the scientists of three developed courtiers were together to enrich Uranium. Why they didnt work separately.
The same argument was also given Abdul Salam and recently given by Hood Bhai, that it is an easy job. Actually they know that it is very difficult job, but they are not sincere with this country and blaming A Q Khan, like you are doing.
So please respect your heroes, if we wouldnt have this Atom Bomb, Indian would already separate Baluchistan from us like they did East Bengal and due to this many Muslims countries like Saudi, Iran etc give aids and respect to Pakistan.
