And Allah has revealed to you the Book and the wisdom, and He has taught you what you did not know( وَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ) and Allah's grace on you is very great..(4:113)
وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَم [i.e. And taught thee what thou Knewest not (before)] is explained by Overwhelming Mufasireen as:
Everything Illuminated to Prophet [Sahih Hadith]
Mufasir # 1
--Imam Ismail al Hiqqi (rah) in Ruh ul Bayan explains it as—
وعلمك** بالوحى من الغيب وخفيات الامور { ما لم تكن تعلم ** ذلك الى وقت التعليم**
Translation: {Taught you** Through Wahi Allah taught him the Ghayb and hidden matters (من الغيب وخفيات ) and {Knew not before** is till that time when ALLAH had not taught him
So those who accuse Prophet (saw) of not knowing something is till the time when ALLAH had not taught him (after which he knew of it all as explained in many ahadith that ALLAH granted him the keys to all treasures of world, illumination of everything came to him and he recognised everything etc…) as this following hadith clearly tells:
اسْتَثْقَلْتُ فإِذَا أَنَا بِرَبِّي تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالى في أَحْسَنِ صُورَةٍ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، قُلْتُ لَبَيَّكَ رَبِّ، قالَ فِيمَ يَخْتَصِمُ المَلأُ الأَعْلَى؟ قُلْتُ: لاَ أَدْرِي رَبِّ قَالَهَا ثَلاَثاً، قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُهُ وَضَعَ كَفَّهُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ. قَدْ وَجَدْتُ بَرْدَ أَنَامِلِهِ بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيَّ فتجَلَّى لِي كُلُّ شَيْءٍ وَعَرَفْتُ
Translation: The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: Lo I found myself in the presence of my Lord, the Blessed and the Glorious, in the best form. He said: Muhammad! I said: At Thy service, my Lord. He said: What these highest angels contend about? I said: I do not know. He repeated it thrice. He said: I don’t know, Then I saw Him put his palms between my shoulder blades till I felt the coldness of his fingersbetween the two sides of my chest. THEN EVERYTHING WAS ILLUMINATED TO ME AND I RECOGNIZED EVERYTHING! [Transmitted by Imam Tirmidhi who said: This is a hasan sahih hadith and I asked Muhammad ibn Isma'il about this hadith and he said: It is a Hassan Sahih hadith. (Sunnan Tirimdhi, Volume No. 5, Page No. 368-369, Tafsir Surah S'ad, Hadith No. 3235)]
The Prophet was taught Quran which has all Uloom
Mufasir # 2
--Imam Khazin (rah) explains it as –
وعلمك ما لم تكن تعلم ** يعني من أحكام الشرع وأمور الدين وقيل علمك من علم الغيب ما لم تكن تعلم وقيل معناه وعلمك من خفيات الأمور وأطلعك على ضمائر القلوب وعلمك من أحوال المنافقين وكيدهم ما لم تكن تعلم
Translation: {And taught thee what thou Knewest not (before)** meaning the Ahkaam (rulings) of Shariah and Amoor of Deen and Its said that he was taught Ilm ul Ghayb which he did not know so now has been taught to him (من علم الغيب ما لم تكن تعلم) and its also said that ALLAH taught you what was in hearts and taught you ahwaal and clever tricks of Munafiqeen which you did not know
Mufasir # 3
--Imam Jalal ud din Suyuti (rah) explains it as—
وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ ** من الأحكام والغيب
Translation:{And taught thee what thou Knewest not (before)** Of Ahkaam and Ghayb !!
Mufasir # 4
--Imam Baghwi (rah) explains it as: --
من الأحكام، وقيل: من علم الغيب،
Translation: { And taught thee what thou Knewest not (before)**It is Rulings and It is Ilm ul Ghayb !!
Mufasireen have explained in detail that ALLAH taught Prophet (saw) What he knew not (before i.e. Ghayb), whereas the Dalil is also there in ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ i.e. the Book (Quran) and Hikmah, let’s see how
Quran being best Tafsir of Quran itself says: One day We shall raise from all Peoples a witness against them, from amongst themselves: and We shall bring thee as a witness against these (thy people):and We have sent down to thee the Book explaining all things,(KA AL- KITAAB TIBYAAN(AN) LI- KULL SHAY) a Guide, a Mercy, and Glad Tidings to Muslims. (16:89)
So Quran being taught to Prophet (Peace be upon him) means that he has been taught "everything"
Quran states at another place:
:وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى ٱلْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ
Neither doth he withhold grudgingly a knowledge of the Unseen.(81:24)
Prophet teaches Ghayb in abundance, says the Quran
The above verse proves that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) is not Bukheel in giving the knowledge of unseen
Let’s see how
--Imam Baidawi (rah) explains this ayah as: --
وَمَا هُوَ ** وما محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام. { عَلَى ٱلْغَيْبِ ** على ما يخبره من الموحى إليه وغيره من الغيوب.
And Muhammad (alaihas salato salam) { عَلَى ٱلْغَيْبِ ** is not Bukheel in teaching Ghuyub which he knows through revelation and other means(إليه وغيره)
بِضَنِينٍ ** بالضاد من الضن وهو البخل أي لا يبخل بالتبليغ والتعليم
Bidhaneen has ‘’Dhuad’’ and It contains the meaning of Bukhl which means he is not Bukheel in Tabligh and Teaching (of Ghayb)
Just incase if someone doubts whether Quran holds everything or not, let me clarify from Quran itself:
Quran states: There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like you. Nothing have we omitted from the Book,and they (all) shall be gathered to their Lord in the end.(6:38)
So the Quran was taught fully to the Prophet and nothing has been omitted from teaching him
وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَم [i.e. And taught thee what thou Knewest not (before)] is explained by Overwhelming Mufasireen as:
Everything Illuminated to Prophet [Sahih Hadith]
Mufasir # 1
--Imam Ismail al Hiqqi (rah) in Ruh ul Bayan explains it as—
وعلمك** بالوحى من الغيب وخفيات الامور { ما لم تكن تعلم ** ذلك الى وقت التعليم**
Translation: {Taught you** Through Wahi Allah taught him the Ghayb and hidden matters (من الغيب وخفيات ) and {Knew not before** is till that time when ALLAH had not taught him
So those who accuse Prophet (saw) of not knowing something is till the time when ALLAH had not taught him (after which he knew of it all as explained in many ahadith that ALLAH granted him the keys to all treasures of world, illumination of everything came to him and he recognised everything etc…) as this following hadith clearly tells:
اسْتَثْقَلْتُ فإِذَا أَنَا بِرَبِّي تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالى في أَحْسَنِ صُورَةٍ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، قُلْتُ لَبَيَّكَ رَبِّ، قالَ فِيمَ يَخْتَصِمُ المَلأُ الأَعْلَى؟ قُلْتُ: لاَ أَدْرِي رَبِّ قَالَهَا ثَلاَثاً، قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُهُ وَضَعَ كَفَّهُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ. قَدْ وَجَدْتُ بَرْدَ أَنَامِلِهِ بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيَّ فتجَلَّى لِي كُلُّ شَيْءٍ وَعَرَفْتُ
Translation: The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: Lo I found myself in the presence of my Lord, the Blessed and the Glorious, in the best form. He said: Muhammad! I said: At Thy service, my Lord. He said: What these highest angels contend about? I said: I do not know. He repeated it thrice. He said: I don’t know, Then I saw Him put his palms between my shoulder blades till I felt the coldness of his fingersbetween the two sides of my chest. THEN EVERYTHING WAS ILLUMINATED TO ME AND I RECOGNIZED EVERYTHING! [Transmitted by Imam Tirmidhi who said: This is a hasan sahih hadith and I asked Muhammad ibn Isma'il about this hadith and he said: It is a Hassan Sahih hadith. (Sunnan Tirimdhi, Volume No. 5, Page No. 368-369, Tafsir Surah S'ad, Hadith No. 3235)]
The Prophet was taught Quran which has all Uloom
Mufasir # 2
--Imam Khazin (rah) explains it as –
وعلمك ما لم تكن تعلم ** يعني من أحكام الشرع وأمور الدين وقيل علمك من علم الغيب ما لم تكن تعلم وقيل معناه وعلمك من خفيات الأمور وأطلعك على ضمائر القلوب وعلمك من أحوال المنافقين وكيدهم ما لم تكن تعلم
Translation: {And taught thee what thou Knewest not (before)** meaning the Ahkaam (rulings) of Shariah and Amoor of Deen and Its said that he was taught Ilm ul Ghayb which he did not know so now has been taught to him (من علم الغيب ما لم تكن تعلم) and its also said that ALLAH taught you what was in hearts and taught you ahwaal and clever tricks of Munafiqeen which you did not know
Mufasir # 3
--Imam Jalal ud din Suyuti (rah) explains it as—
وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ ** من الأحكام والغيب
Translation:{And taught thee what thou Knewest not (before)** Of Ahkaam and Ghayb !!
Mufasir # 4
--Imam Baghwi (rah) explains it as: --
من الأحكام، وقيل: من علم الغيب،
Translation: { And taught thee what thou Knewest not (before)**It is Rulings and It is Ilm ul Ghayb !!
Mufasireen have explained in detail that ALLAH taught Prophet (saw) What he knew not (before i.e. Ghayb), whereas the Dalil is also there in ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ i.e. the Book (Quran) and Hikmah, let’s see how
Quran being best Tafsir of Quran itself says: One day We shall raise from all Peoples a witness against them, from amongst themselves: and We shall bring thee as a witness against these (thy people):and We have sent down to thee the Book explaining all things,(KA AL- KITAAB TIBYAAN(AN) LI- KULL SHAY) a Guide, a Mercy, and Glad Tidings to Muslims. (16:89)
So Quran being taught to Prophet (Peace be upon him) means that he has been taught "everything"
Quran states at another place:
:وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى ٱلْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ
Neither doth he withhold grudgingly a knowledge of the Unseen.(81:24)
Prophet teaches Ghayb in abundance, says the Quran
The above verse proves that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) is not Bukheel in giving the knowledge of unseen
Let’s see how
--Imam Baidawi (rah) explains this ayah as: --
وَمَا هُوَ ** وما محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام. { عَلَى ٱلْغَيْبِ ** على ما يخبره من الموحى إليه وغيره من الغيوب.
And Muhammad (alaihas salato salam) { عَلَى ٱلْغَيْبِ ** is not Bukheel in teaching Ghuyub which he knows through revelation and other means(إليه وغيره)
بِضَنِينٍ ** بالضاد من الضن وهو البخل أي لا يبخل بالتبليغ والتعليم
Bidhaneen has ‘’Dhuad’’ and It contains the meaning of Bukhl which means he is not Bukheel in Tabligh and Teaching (of Ghayb)
Just incase if someone doubts whether Quran holds everything or not, let me clarify from Quran itself:
Quran states: There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like you. Nothing have we omitted from the Book,and they (all) shall be gathered to their Lord in the end.(6:38)
So the Quran was taught fully to the Prophet and nothing has been omitted from teaching him