All except a few princely states including Jammu Kashmir and Hyderabad (Deccan) joined India or Pakistan without much difficulty. Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu Maharaja but about 80 percent of its population was Muslim whereas the ruler of Hyderabad was a Muslim but majority of its population was non Muslim .The rulers of both these states wanted independence having friendly relations with both India and Pakistan but the latter two had different designs. India wanted Hyderabad to become her part and Kashmir to become a semi-independent state under Indian occupation whereas Pakistan wanted Kashmir to become her part and Hyderabad to become completely independent having close relations with Pakistan. To serve their purposes, both started behind the scene activities. Mahatma Gandhi paid what was termed as a private visit to Kashmir towards the end of July 1947 and through a Hindu cleric who was also the religious mentor of Maharajas wife, made the Maharaja change his mind regarding declaring Independence for his State and to think seriously of joining India. The Kashmir Muslim Conference had irritated him earlier by demanding accession of the State to Pakistan .So he decided to defer his announcement but in the meantime (on 11th August1947) replaced his pro independence Prime Minister Mr. Kak by pro India Janak Singh and M. C. Mahajan in quick succession, the latter, in collusion with India’s minister for States Mr Menon, had already paved the way for making Kashmir part of India. In the meantime the Maharaja declared, pending announcement of his final decision about future of the State, to enter into “standstill” agreements with both India and Pakistan. India dilly-dallied signing it whereas Pakistan signed it under which civil supplies and communications of the State went to Pakistan’s control. Smelling-behind-the scene India-Kashmir activities, some Pakistani authorities also started playing tricks. They initially disrupted the smooth flow of civil supplies to Kashmir to pressurize the Maharaja. On Oct.4, 1947 some Kashmiris declared formation of a Provisional Republican Govt. for the State overthrowing the Maharaja .The declaration was made in Rawalpindi (Pakistan). On Oct 22,Pakistani tribesmen entered Kashmir “to free Kashmiri Muslims from Hindu rule”. But their behavior was most uncivilized. On Oct 24, 1947 the Provisional Republican Govt. was reorganized and headed by Sardar M.Ibrahim Khan, a member of Kashmir Assembly from Poonchh. A number of officers and soldiers of Pakistan Army were also engaged in Kashmir in civil cloths along with tribesmen but Pakistan claimed that neither was any soldier in Kashmir nor had Pakistan govt. any control over tribesmen. This gross misstatement on Pakistans part cost her and Kashmiris a lot. When UN came to know of presence of Pakistani soldiers and army officers in Kashmir and also that Pakistan had considerable control on tribesmen, it asked Pakistan to withdraw its forces and tribesmen from Kashmir before any further step could be taken to solve Kashmir Issue and made it part of UNCIP resolution of 13thAugust1948. Pakistan accepted the resolution but refused to withdraw all its forces from Kashmir arguing that India would immediately occupy the areas vacated by Pakistan. As such UN resolution could not be implemented and Kashmiris remained deprived of their right to shape their own future. Had not Pakistan made that mis statement about presence of her forces in Kashmir and about her control over tribesmen, Kashmiris would have not been deprived of their basic right. (Pakistan‘s another misstatement in 1999 claiming that Kashmiri freedom fighters had occupied Indian pickets in Kargil whereas it was Northern Light Infantry (NLI), an integral part of Pakistan army comprising personnel from Gilgit Baltistan that had done so. This miss statement on the part of Pakistan changed the genuine freedom struggle of Kashmiris into terrorism in the eyes of the world). When Pakistani tribesmen had entered Kashmir and started loot, arson and killing non Muslims, the Maharaja had fled Kashmir. When he reached Jammu Mr. V.P. Menon, Indian minister for States visited him with an instrument of states accession to India and made him sign it under duress. The Maharaja nevertheless attached a number of conditions for States accession to India concerning continuation of his own and State’s semi-independent status and non-interference by India in its internal affairs. India accepted the accession including Maharaja’s conditions and sent her armed forces to Kashmir.