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- Ibn Abi Asim (d. 287 AH) and al-Tabarani (d. 360) narrate with their Isnad going back to the Tabi'ee, Abdir Rahman ibn Yasaar, that he said, I witnessed the death of Umar, and on that day there was a solar eclipse.
[al-Ahad wal Mathani, no. 77, al-Mu'jam al-Kabeer, no. 79]
- It is narrated from another Tabi'ee, Ma'dan ibn Abi Talha, that Umar was stabbed on Wednesday, four days before the end of Dhul-Hijjah. [Musannaf ibn Abi Shaibah (34562), Mustadrak al-Hakim (3/ 90), and others with a Saheeh Isnad]
From many other accounts it is clear that the year was 23 AH, and that Umar ruled for ten years.
- Some narrators and historians mention he died on Wednesday, but others mention that he was in fact stabbed on Wednesday but lived for three days before succumbing to his injuries. [e.g. Abu Nu'aym, Ma'rifat al-Sahabah, no.162]
Since he was stabbed while leading Fajr on Wed, so the three days he lived after it are: Wed itself, Thu, and Fri. But it is not clear whether he died on the third day (i.e. Fri), or lived for three days and died on the fourth (i.e. Sat).
???
Now let us look at empirical data which will corroborate the above quoted accounts, and clear the ambiguity about the day he died, whether it was Friday or Saturday.
Nasa's Eclipse Website mentions that there was a solar eclipse on 5th of Nov. 644 AD.
That corresponds to Friday, as can be checked here:
And in Hijri, it corresponds to the 28th of Dhul Hijjah, 23 AH.
Summing all that up:
Umar was stabbed on Wed, 26th of Dhul Hijjah 23 AH, and he succumbed to his injuries on Friday, the 28th of the month, corresponding to 5th Nov. 644 AD, the day when a solar eclipse took place.
???
Different authors from different regions, living in different eras, narrating from different Shuyookh and chains, going back to different Tabi'een, mentioning different details about a single event; but despite all that their details corroborate each other, and are proven to be empirically correct by astronomical and mathematical evidence.
???
This goes to show that the Isnad was a quite reliable method for documenting events and transmitting them from generation to generation. If the death of 'Umar has been so accurately narrated with different chains of narration, although it is not a part of a Muslim's Deen (belief and practice), then surely the narrators would have transmitted what pertains to their Deen (i.e. Prophetic Hadith) accurately too.
Via Nabeel Nisar Sheikh
- Ibn Abi Asim (d. 287 AH) and al-Tabarani (d. 360) narrate with their Isnad going back to the Tabi'ee, Abdir Rahman ibn Yasaar, that he said, I witnessed the death of Umar, and on that day there was a solar eclipse.
[al-Ahad wal Mathani, no. 77, al-Mu'jam al-Kabeer, no. 79]
- It is narrated from another Tabi'ee, Ma'dan ibn Abi Talha, that Umar was stabbed on Wednesday, four days before the end of Dhul-Hijjah. [Musannaf ibn Abi Shaibah (34562), Mustadrak al-Hakim (3/ 90), and others with a Saheeh Isnad]
From many other accounts it is clear that the year was 23 AH, and that Umar ruled for ten years.
- Some narrators and historians mention he died on Wednesday, but others mention that he was in fact stabbed on Wednesday but lived for three days before succumbing to his injuries. [e.g. Abu Nu'aym, Ma'rifat al-Sahabah, no.162]
Since he was stabbed while leading Fajr on Wed, so the three days he lived after it are: Wed itself, Thu, and Fri. But it is not clear whether he died on the third day (i.e. Fri), or lived for three days and died on the fourth (i.e. Sat).
???
Now let us look at empirical data which will corroborate the above quoted accounts, and clear the ambiguity about the day he died, whether it was Friday or Saturday.
Nasa's Eclipse Website mentions that there was a solar eclipse on 5th of Nov. 644 AD.
That corresponds to Friday, as can be checked here:
And in Hijri, it corresponds to the 28th of Dhul Hijjah, 23 AH.
Summing all that up:
Umar was stabbed on Wed, 26th of Dhul Hijjah 23 AH, and he succumbed to his injuries on Friday, the 28th of the month, corresponding to 5th Nov. 644 AD, the day when a solar eclipse took place.
???
Different authors from different regions, living in different eras, narrating from different Shuyookh and chains, going back to different Tabi'een, mentioning different details about a single event; but despite all that their details corroborate each other, and are proven to be empirically correct by astronomical and mathematical evidence.
???
This goes to show that the Isnad was a quite reliable method for documenting events and transmitting them from generation to generation. If the death of 'Umar has been so accurately narrated with different chains of narration, although it is not a part of a Muslim's Deen (belief and practice), then surely the narrators would have transmitted what pertains to their Deen (i.e. Prophetic Hadith) accurately too.
Via Nabeel Nisar Sheikh
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