What are Pakistan's options after Trump's insulting tweet and US aid freeze? How much leverage does either side have over the other? How far will Trump go? How will Pakistan respond? Will Pakistan withhold all cooperation and cut off the crucial US Forces supply lines to Afghanistan through Pakistan? What do some of the analysts like Christine Fair, Ryan Crocker and Madiha Afzal are saying about it?
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What does Michael Wolff say about Steve Bannon, Donald Trump and the Trump family in his book "Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House"? Are Jared Kushner and Donald Trump involved in "money laundering"? Was Don Jr's Tump Tower meeting with Russians "treasonous"? Is Ivanka Trump "dumb as a brick"? Will this lead to Special Counsel Robert Mueller indicting the Trump family on multiple charges relating to obstruction of justice and money laundering? Will President Trump be named as un-indicted co-conspirator in these indictments?
What will happen in 2018? Will President Trump be named as an un-indicted co-conspirator by Robert Mueller in his obstruction of justice indictments of his close aides? Will Trump become even more erratic? Will Democrats take both houses of US legislature in 2018 elections? Will Trump be impeached? Will there be elections and new government in Pakistan? Who will be the winners and losers? Will there be a hung parliament and coalition government? Will India-Pakistan relations improve?
Viewpoint From Overseas host Faraz Darvesh discusses these questions with Misbah Azam and Riaz Haq (www.riazhaq.com)
Pakistan needs to undertake massive efforts to provide adequate toilet facilities to the public. —AP/file
Recently, a Unicef warning announced that an alarming 41 million people in Pakistan lack access to adequate toilets; forcing them to defecate in public. Pakistan is in fact the third largest country, behind India and Indonesia, where people are forced to defecate in the open. This troubling practice which has become the norm for 41 million Pakistanis has profound health and nutritional consequences. Open defecation has significant consequences and it is imperative that we explore this topic. Also read: Finding a phone easier than finding a toilet: UN The city of Lahore is home to millions of people and has only 21 public bathrooms. Many of these are in dire condition and in a state of chronic decay. It is tragic that in a country that receives millions of dollars of aid annually, we have failed to provide the most fundamental necessities such as clean bathrooms to our people! Forcing individuals to seek out places to defecate leads to stool withholding behavior, constipation, and stunting. These consequences have lifelong implications and must be addressed immediately. Stool withholding behaviour
When children are confronted with psycho-social stressors such as not being able to defecate in private or adequately; they have a tendency to develop stool withholding behavior – they refuse to defecate in a setting where they are uncomfortable or embarrassed, causing them to reflexively withhold bowel movement. For a child to defecate in open, it is very embarrassing and anxiety-provoking. This can lead to serious problems known as Encopresis, in which children begin to soil their undergarments. The colon normally removes water from our faeces, but stool remaining in our gut for too long from conditioned withholding will inevitably lead to constipation. The stool becomes so hard that it is difficult to expel and stretches the colon, impairing the sensations associated with a normal bowel movement. As a result, softer stool often leaks around the blockage, soiling a child’s undergarments. As anyone can imagine, this has devastating effects on an individual's overall level of hygiene. The faecal contamination of hands, garments, and other clothing will allow infectious diseases to disseminate with ease. Constipation
The health ramifications of constipation are severe, and unfortunately, frequently overlooked. Our colon is home to a bacterial flora which is essential for maintaining gut health. Constipation leads to an imbalance in this bacterial flora giving rise to unfriendly strains of bacteria and impaired gut health. The normal helpful bacteria within the colon is disturbed when hard stools associated with constipation persist. Also read: CDA to upgrade public toilets in Islamabad Constipation can lead to abdominal pain and a decreased desire to eat as well. In cases where constipation goes unchecked, forceful straining and attempts to evacuate stool can lead to tears and bleeding around the lining of the rectum. Stunting
A child’s degree of stunting can be evaluated by calculating a child’s height for age as a percentage of the population median. The severity of stunting is determined as a percentage of the expected height for age. Stunting, along with wasting, is a universal marker of protein energy malnutrition in a child. Chronic malnutrition is frequently characterised by stunting. Due to open defecation, children are unable to adequately wash themselves and consequently, a bacterial contamination of water ensues. This leads to chronic diarrhoea and malabsorption states in children. Such chronic malnutrition leads to cognitive deficiencies and insufficient brain development. Read on: Pakistan among top five diarrhoea death victims Sanitation, hygiene, and constructing more public toilets must become a priority in Pakistan. Failing to provide our children with the basic necessity for living is inhumane, and detrimental to their well-being. Instructing the masses on adequate hand hygiene, providing ample toileting facilities will help with combating this problem. Open defecation must be discouraged. And, massive efforts must be implemented to create behavioural change, provide adequate facilities, and increase awareness about overall hygiene. Related:
In India 600 million people dont have toilet .....please save it from drowning in its own execreta
[h=1]Whose loo? Why 600 million Indians still defecate in the open[/h]First Principles: India spends 7000 crores just on building rural toilets. The reality on the ground however is unused, ill-kept and unaffordable loos. A closer look at India’s rural sanitation reality.
[FONT="][FONT="]Ierene Francis Feb 20, 2014[/FONT]
Over 600 million Indians have no access to toilets – if you line up the countries where open defecation is practised, India leads and also has more than twice the number as the next 18 countries with no access to toilets. The proportion is worse in rural India – where 68% of rural households don’t have their own toilets (Source:NSSO, WHO).
Why is open defecation an issue? Open defecation has been linked to a host of problems, from stunting in children, to diarrhoea to lowered IQs. Diarrhoea is still the biggest cause of child deaths around the world, with about a quarter of them occurring in India. 1600 deaths occur EVERYDAY in India due to diarrhoea, and most of them are linked to poor rural sanitation. Stunting is also a marker of malnutrition, and shows that children have had health problems that keep them from being productive, smart adults as they grow.
[h=2]India spends 7000 crores a year on rural toilets[/h]The large numbers of open defecation in India is quite an embarrassment, considering that it has been steadily in decline everywhere across the world. World Bank research shows that a nine times return for every rupee spent on sanitation is possible. These returns are in the form of improved health, lowered mortality rates, higher school attendance rates, and disease control. Nutrition itself does not prevent stunting and ill health, they have to be complemented with sanitation facilities. So tackling sanitation should be a key focus for governments trying to augment health and nutrition programs too. Back in 1999, the Government of India started the Total Sanitation Campaign, and it has now been replaced by a campaign called NBA-Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan. The NBA spends INR 7000 crore every year to subsidise rural toilet construction. Additional financial support is expected from the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), but the process for availing this subsidy is not clear in many states.
Pic courtesy: WaterAid.
[h=2]So, why are toilets not being built?[/h]It isn’t that the demand for toilets it missing – studies show that demand for toilets does exist in India, with people acknowledging that it is safer or more convenient (the health aspect is not so obvious to most people). People are also more likely to think of constructing toilets if they have used one before. Yet, less than 60% of approved funds from the Government’s NBA campaign have actually been used, reports Deloitte, in its 2013 study titled ‘A market led, evidence based, approach to rural sanitation’. Then why aren’t toilets coming up in rural areas?
Toilet construction in Junapani, Orissa. Pic: Tripti Naswa
[h=3]1. Well, the poor cannot afford them[/h]The subsidy amount under NBA, covers only part of the cost of toilets, and most households, particularly the poorest are still unable to afford the cost of construction and maintenance of individual toilets. The limited subsidy amount has also led to poor construction, leaving toilets unusable. The per–toilet subsidy is currently around Rs. 4600 under NBA.
[h=3]2. If they do get built, they quickly become unusable[/h]The superstructure of a toilet does not require skilled masonry but the leach pit does. The Ministry of Rural Development reports that 78 million toilets were constructed under the TSC until March 2011, but the Census (2011) shows only 51 million households as owning working toilets. Toilet designs also need to be modified for flood prone or drier areas.
[h=3]3. Men are the decision makers, while women face issues[/h]In most households, men are the decision makers but women face inconvenience due to lack of toilets. People also rarely see the link between open defecation and ill-health, unless they have been subjected to a personal health crisis in the family that can be directly linked to toilets.
It is the women, girl children and the elderly who face issues with the toilet. Yet, decisions about owning toilets is made by men. Pic: Tripti Naswa
[h=2]Toilet models in India[/h]The rural environment in India is complex, and there are a variety of models available for constructing and funding these toilets – and some of these models work better in some places than others – depending on region, implementing agencies, availability of credit etc. Worldwide, there are several models that have shown success. In India, there are two:
[h=3]The government led subsidy model[/h]Here the government subsidises toilet construction. The subsidy model has had limited success because of the partial subsidy, and because people do not see it as a priority.
[h=3]Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)[/h]CLTS works primarily by raising awareness that as long as even a minority continues to defecate in the open everyone is at risk of disease. The CLTS also creates village-level water sanitation committees, with volunteers who generate awareness about the health hazards of open defecation. CLTS is an example of how rejecting the subsidy model has actually worked, and focuses instead on persuasion and reward. CLTS has shown remarkable progress in certain Indian states. For example, Haryana : Census 2001 data shows that 71% of households had no toilets, but by Census 2011, this number had fallen to 36%. Haryana and Himachal Pradesh show similar leaps in toilet construction and are great examples of the success of CLTS model which was implemented in all districts of these states. Apart from just construction of toilets, success has been seen in teaching people that open defecation is bad and leads to health problems. Another crucial part is good quality construction and maintenance of toilets. Poorly maintained toilets and broken or collapsed structures are another reason why toilets get disused.
Pakistan needs to undertake massive efforts to provide adequate toilet facilities to the public. —AP/file
Recently, a Unicef warning announced that an alarming 41 million people in Pakistan lack access to adequate toilets; forcing them to defecate in public. Pakistan is in fact the third largest country, behind India and Indonesia, where people are forced to defecate in the open. This troubling practice which has become the norm for 41 million Pakistanis has profound health and nutritional consequences. Open defecation has significant consequences and it is imperative that we explore this topic. Also read: Finding a phone easier than finding a toilet: UN The city of Lahore is home to millions of people and has only 21 public bathrooms. Many of these are in dire condition and in a state of chronic decay. It is tragic that in a country that receives millions of dollars of aid annually, we have failed to provide the most fundamental necessities such as clean bathrooms to our people! Forcing individuals to seek out places to defecate leads to stool withholding behavior, constipation, and stunting. These consequences have lifelong implications and must be addressed immediately. Stool withholding behaviour
When children are confronted with psycho-social stressors such as not being able to defecate in private or adequately; they have a tendency to develop stool withholding behavior – they refuse to defecate in a setting where they are uncomfortable or embarrassed, causing them to reflexively withhold bowel movement. For a child to defecate in open, it is very embarrassing and anxiety-provoking. This can lead to serious problems known as Encopresis, in which children begin to soil their undergarments. The colon normally removes water from our faeces, but stool remaining in our gut for too long from conditioned withholding will inevitably lead to constipation. The stool becomes so hard that it is difficult to expel and stretches the colon, impairing the sensations associated with a normal bowel movement. As a result, softer stool often leaks around the blockage, soiling a child’s undergarments. As anyone can imagine, this has devastating effects on an individual's overall level of hygiene. The faecal contamination of hands, garments, and other clothing will allow infectious diseases to disseminate with ease. Constipation
The health ramifications of constipation are severe, and unfortunately, frequently overlooked. Our colon is home to a bacterial flora which is essential for maintaining gut health. Constipation leads to an imbalance in this bacterial flora giving rise to unfriendly strains of bacteria and impaired gut health. The normal helpful bacteria within the colon is disturbed when hard stools associated with constipation persist. Also read: CDA to upgrade public toilets in Islamabad Constipation can lead to abdominal pain and a decreased desire to eat as well. In cases where constipation goes unchecked, forceful straining and attempts to evacuate stool can lead to tears and bleeding around the lining of the rectum. Stunting
A child’s degree of stunting can be evaluated by calculating a child’s height for age as a percentage of the population median. The severity of stunting is determined as a percentage of the expected height for age. Stunting, along with wasting, is a universal marker of protein energy malnutrition in a child. Chronic malnutrition is frequently characterised by stunting. Due to open defecation, children are unable to adequately wash themselves and consequently, a bacterial contamination of water ensues. This leads to chronic diarrhoea and malabsorption states in children. Such chronic malnutrition leads to cognitive deficiencies and insufficient brain development. Read on: Pakistan among top five diarrhoea death victims Sanitation, hygiene, and constructing more public toilets must become a priority in Pakistan. Failing to provide our children with the basic necessity for living is inhumane, and detrimental to their well-being. Instructing the masses on adequate hand hygiene, providing ample toileting facilities will help with combating this problem. Open defecation must be discouraged. And, massive efforts must be implemented to create behavioural change, provide adequate facilities, and increase awareness about overall hygiene. Related:
Pakistan needs to undertake massive efforts to provide adequate toilet facilities to the public. —AP/file
Recently, a Unicef warning announced that an alarming 41 million people in Pakistan lack access to adequate toilets; forcing them to defecate in public. Pakistan is in fact the third largest country, behind India and Indonesia, where people are forced to defecate in the open. This troubling practice which has become the norm for 41 million Pakistanis has profound health and nutritional consequences. Open defecation has significant consequences and it is imperative that we explore this topic. Also read: Finding a phone easier than finding a toilet: UN The city of Lahore is home to millions of people and has only 21 public bathrooms. Many of these are in dire condition and in a state of chronic decay. It is tragic that in a country that receives millions of dollars of aid annually, we have failed to provide the most fundamental necessities such as clean bathrooms to our people! Forcing individuals to seek out places to defecate leads to stool withholding behavior, constipation, and stunting. These consequences have lifelong implications and must be addressed immediately. Stool withholding behaviour
When children are confronted with psycho-social stressors such as not being able to defecate in private or adequately; they have a tendency to develop stool withholding behavior – they refuse to defecate in a setting where they are uncomfortable or embarrassed, causing them to reflexively withhold bowel movement. For a child to defecate in open, it is very embarrassing and anxiety-provoking. This can lead to serious problems known as Encopresis, in which children begin to soil their undergarments. The colon normally removes water from our faeces, but stool remaining in our gut for too long from conditioned withholding will inevitably lead to constipation. The stool becomes so hard that it is difficult to expel and stretches the colon, impairing the sensations associated with a normal bowel movement. As a result, softer stool often leaks around the blockage, soiling a child’s undergarments. As anyone can imagine, this has devastating effects on an individual's overall level of hygiene. The faecal contamination of hands, garments, and other clothing will allow infectious diseases to disseminate with ease. Constipation
The health ramifications of constipation are severe, and unfortunately, frequently overlooked. Our colon is home to a bacterial flora which is essential for maintaining gut health. Constipation leads to an imbalance in this bacterial flora giving rise to unfriendly strains of bacteria and impaired gut health. The normal helpful bacteria within the colon is disturbed when hard stools associated with constipation persist. Also read: CDA to upgrade public toilets in Islamabad Constipation can lead to abdominal pain and a decreased desire to eat as well. In cases where constipation goes unchecked, forceful straining and attempts to evacuate stool can lead to tears and bleeding around the lining of the rectum. Stunting
A child’s degree of stunting can be evaluated by calculating a child’s height for age as a percentage of the population median. The severity of stunting is determined as a percentage of the expected height for age. Stunting, along with wasting, is a universal marker of protein energy malnutrition in a child. Chronic malnutrition is frequently characterised by stunting. Due to open defecation, children are unable to adequately wash themselves and consequently, a bacterial contamination of water ensues. This leads to chronic diarrhoea and malabsorption states in children. Such chronic malnutrition leads to cognitive deficiencies and insufficient brain development. Read on: Pakistan among top five diarrhoea death victims Sanitation, hygiene, and constructing more public toilets must become a priority in Pakistan. Failing to provide our children with the basic necessity for living is inhumane, and detrimental to their well-being. Instructing the masses on adequate hand hygiene, providing ample toileting facilities will help with combating this problem. Open defecation must be discouraged. And, massive efforts must be implemented to create behavioural change, provide adequate facilities, and increase awareness about overall hygiene. Related:
balatkarlal app sherma tay kiyoon ho ???.....arey abb aesay institute mein gaye ho ...to khushi say sub ko batao ..kay yahan prhai keehai [hilar][hilar][hilar]
balatkarlal app sherma tay kiyoon ho ???.....arey abb aesay institute mein gaye ho ...to khushi say sub ko batao ..kay yahan prhai keehai [hilar][hilar][hilar]
balatkarlal ...yeh sub batein TATTI mein admission leyna say pehlay sochna tha na ....abb kiya baneyga ??
balatkarlal app sherma tay kiyoon ho ???.....arey abb aesay institute mein gaye ho ...to khushi say sub ko batao ..kay yahan prhai keehai [hilar][hilar][hilar]
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