The Pakistani
Minister (2k+ posts)
- Pakistan's Black Market Value $6.53 Billion
Black Market Crime in Pakistan
- Cocaine Price :$118.7 per gram
- Heroin Price :$3.0 per gram
- Price paid to human smugglers :$22,000 to the United States
- Human Traffickers Price :$342
- Book Piracy :$55 Million
- Counterfeiting :$0.658 Billion ($658 Million)
- Cigarette Smuggling :$0.116 Billion ($116 Million)
- Counterfeit Drugs :$300 Million
- Drug Trafficking :$4.8 Billion
- Gas and Oil Smuggling :$66 Million
- Heroin Trafficking :$1.2 Billion
- Human Smuggling :$109 Million
- Illegal Logging :$782 Million
- Music Piracy :$25 Million
- Software Piracy :$278 Million
- Total Country Black Market Value :$6.53 Billion
- Data and information about security threats from Pakistan’s black market. Intelligence data and security information collected from government agencies, news articles and other public information sources.Pakistan Losses to Tuna Fish Smuggling
in ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
The seafood and fishing industry in Pakistan loses at least $50 Million a year to tuna fish smuggling, according to the WWF-Pakistan.
Nearly 200 tons of tuna is illegally smuggled into Iran each day through the Gwadar port of Balochistan.
Yellow fin tun is sold in Pakistan for up to $2 per kilogram.
(See more illegal fishing statistics here.)
Source: “Smuggling of tuna fish to Iran costs $50 million yearly,” Business Recorder, May 13, 2014.
Number of Organs Bought by Saudis on the Black Market
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
According to the director of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplants, over 400 people from Saudi Arabiaare believed to have bought organs from organ trafficking markets between 2012 and 2013.
There were 190 incidents of organs bought by Saudis in 2012, and 220 cases of organs being bough from black markets in China, Egypt and Pakistan, according to health officials.
Out of the total number of buyers, roughly 40 percent needed to get additional medical treatment due to side effects from the illegal organ transplant.
(Prices of organs for sale on the black market.)
Source: “Over 400 needy Saudi patients turn to organs black market in Asia,” Saudi Gazette, April 21, 2014.
Drugs Seizures in Iran in 2013
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Criminal justice agencies in Iran have reported that 570 tons of illegal drugs were seized across the country during the Iranian fiscal year, which fan from March 21,2013 to March 20, 2014. The types of illicit drugs confiscated included opium, heroin, morphine, and hashish. Over 70 percent of the seized narcotics were opium.
According to security forces, over 70 percent of the drugs that were seized took place on the country’s eastern borders, which lies next to Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Afghanistan supplies over 90 percent of the world’s opium supply, and the trafficking of opium is estimated to contribute up to 15 percent of Afghanistan’s GDP.
(What is the price of heroin around the world?)
Source: “Iranian Official: 70% of Illicit Drugs Confiscated along Eastern Borders,” Tasnim News Agency, April 14, 2014.
Human Smuggling in Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, organized crime groups that facilitatehuman smuggling are able to generate up to $109 Million a year from transporting illegal migrants around the world.
Most of the people that are smuggled are from Afghanistan and Pakistan, and are attempting to enterAustralia by traveling by sea across the Indian Ocean. Many of the people that utilize these services are religious minorities who are escaping persecution and attempting to claim asylum in Australia.
There are also cases reported of Pakistani migrants who are smuggled to Europe. According to the UNODC, there have been incidents where the migrants have been caught holding fake id cards and counterfeit documents.
In addition, criminal justice departments in Pakistan have also seen an increase in people from Syria and Egypt using these human smuggling networks to escape the violence in their countries.
Source: Ayaz Gul, “UN: Human Trafficking Increasing in Pakistan,” Voice of America, January 23, 2014.
Top Kidnap for Ransom Countries in 2013
in BUSINESS SECURITY, TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Risk consultancy firm Control Risks released their Risk Map 2014, which highlights the areas of potential threats in 2014.
In the report, the company highlighted the countries in 2013 that had the most incidents of kidnapping for ransom during the year.
The top 5 countries where kidnapping for ransom took place are as follows:
1. Mexico
2. India
3. Nigeria
4. Pakistan
5. Venezuela
The Asia Pacific region had the most reported incidents, with 35 percent of all global kidnappings reported.
Source: Steven Perlberg, “The 20 Countries Where People Get Kidnapped The Most,” Business Insider, December 12, 2013.
Full Report: “Risk Map 2014,” Control Risks.
HIV Infection Rate of Heroin Addicts in Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
According to statistics from criminal justice programs in Pakistan, up to one million people in the country are addicted to heroin.
Half of the heroin addicts use needles and inject the drug while using. Of the 500,000 who are heroin injectors, nearly 30 percent, or 150,000 people, are infected with HIV.
All of the heroin that is consumed in Pakistan is trafficked from neighboring Afghanistan. In 2013, the United Nations estimated that up to 5,500 tonnes of opium was cultivated in Afghanistan.
(How much heroin cost on the streets per gram)
Source: Pakistan has estimated one million heroin users,” The News International, December 15, 2013.
Substance Abuse by Commercial Truck Drivers
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
In a study of global commercial truck drivers, nearly half of drivers tested postive to using alcohol when driving, and 30 percent used amphetamines to stay awake during long trips.
The study conducted by the Universidada Estadual de Londrina in Brazil found that the number of users varied widely by country. In Brazil, 91 percent of truck drivers stated that they drank alcohol while working, compared to 9 percent in Pakistan.
83 percent of truck drivers in Thailand tested positive for amphetamines, compared to 0.2 percent inNorway.
In the United States, 12.5 percent of commercial drivers tested positive for alcohol.
The Federal Highway Police in Brazil stated that marijuana, cocaine, heroin, amphetamines and LSD were all easily found at gas stations and rest stop locations. Brazil has the most traffic accidents in the world.
Source: Kathyrn Doyle, “Drug use high among commercial truck drivers: study,” Reuters, October 25, 2013.
Child Beggars in Islamabad, Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Media reports state that organized child beggars in Islamabad, Pakistan earn between $1.88 to $2.36 (200 to 250 Pakistani Rupees). At the end of the day, all money earned by the children are turned over to the ring leader.
Criminal justice officials state that many of the children are recruited, trained, and relocated to popular locations. The children often use illegal drugs such as cocaine and marijuana in order to become dependent to the ring leader.
(Income and cash from illegal jobs on the underground economy.)
Source: “Beggar mafia fast spreading its activities,” The News International, October 20, 2013.
Number of Slaves in the World as of 2013
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
According to study released by Australian NGO Walk Free Foundation, there are 29.8 million people living as slaves in the world as of 2013. The foundation defined slaves as people who are in forced labor conditions, victims of human trafficking, children who were bought and sold, and women forced into marriage.
India has the most slaves in the world, with the number of slaves in the country reported to be between 13.3 million and 14.7 million people. China had the second most slaves, with 2.8 million to 3.1 million people living in slave-like conditions. Pakistan had the third most, with 2 to 2.2 million slaves.
Source: Krishnadev Calamur, “India, China Top List Of Nations With Most Slaves,” NPR, October 17, 2013, and Alexander Smith, “30 million people still live in slavery, human rights group says,” NBC News, October 17, 2013.
Kidnapping For Ransom Cases in Karachi, Pakistan in 2013
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Criminal justice officials in the Pakistani city of Karachi reported that there were 148 cases of kidnapping for ransom in the first 9 months of 2013, the highest number of kidnappings reported in the city in two decades. 129 cases have been solved.
Intelligence analysts state that there are mainly 5 kidnapping groups operating in Karachi.The targets of the kidnappings are generally wealthy businessman such as bankers or their children. The victims are abducted into pick-ups are are taken out of the city where they are held for ransom. In the ransom demands to families, the kidnappers demand between $941 to $2,823 (100,000 to 300,000 Pakistani Rupee) in ransom. Security officials have reported that if the ransom is not paid, then the hostage is killed and dumped.
35 percent of all kidnapping cases in Karachi involved domestic workers helping the kidnappers.
Source: Salis bin Perwaiz, “Number of kidnapping cases this year highest in two decades,” News International, October 7, 2013.
Extortion Amount Placed on to Truckers in Pakistan by Organized Crime
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Organized crime gangs operating in Pakistan collect up to $2.5 Million (270 Million Pakistani Rupees) each year from extortion threats to truck drivers. According to the truckers union, over $37 Million (4 Billion Rupees) have been collected by organized crime groups in the past 15 years.
Drivers of 10 wheel trucks are forced to pay $18 (2,000 Rupees) in extortion, while 6 wheel trucks pay $9 (1,000 Rupees).
Source: Shakeel Anjum, “Extortionists ‘forcibly collect Rs750,000 daily from truckers’,” News International, September 25, 2013.
Cigarette Smuggling Industry in Pakistan in 2012
in BUSINESS SECURITY
Pakistan Tobacco Company (PTC) stated in their annual report that 18.4 percent of total cigarette sales in Pakistan in 2012 were either smuggled or were counterfeit cigarettes.
The black market tobacco trade created over $1.9 Million (2 Billion Pakistani Rupee) in losses to the legitimate tobacco industry in Pakistan.
Between 2007 and 2012, the illicit trade increased over 60 percent.
Company officials claim that the high tax rate in Pakistan on cigarettes is the cause of the smuggling. The tax on a pack of cigarettes if sold in a retail store ranges from 68.5 percent to 81 percent.
Source: Faroq Baloch, “Spreading like fire: One in four cigarettes sold is smuggled or counterfeit,” Express Tribune, September 1, 2013.
Kidnapping For Ransom Cases in Karachi in 2012-2013
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
In the first 6 months of 2013, criminal justice programs in Pakistan reported there were 74 kidnapping for ransom cases in the Pakistani city of Karachi.
In 2012, there were a total of 132 people who were kidnapped for ransom in the city.
The Pakistani Supreme Court conducted an investigation and found that many kidnapping gangs in the country has sources and connections with the police and financial industry.
A reported 25 percent of police officers are estimated to have either been directly involved in kidnapping or assist the kidnappers in some fashion.
Along with the police, domestic servants and other low level workers for successful families are invoked in tipping off kidnappers. These workers are generally paid between 5 to 10 percent of the ransom.
(Additional prices and earnings on the black market.)
Source: Javed Mirza, “Kidnapping for ransom big business in Karachi,” The News, August 31, 2013.
Cases of Forced Marriage Investigated in the UK
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
The Forced Marriage Unit in the United Kingdom’s Foreign Office investigates up to 1,500 cases a year.
Nearly half of the cases of forced marriage investigated involve marriages with individuals in Pakistan. 11 percent of the cases involve Bangladesh, and 8 percent involve India. The remaining cases are spread out to over 50 different countries.
The unit reported that the youngest victim that they have come across who was forced into marriage was two years old.
Source: Andy McSmith, “Girls escape forced marriage by concealing spoons in clothing to set off metal detectors at the airport,” Independent, August 15, 2013.
Number of Human Smuggling Deaths in Australia
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Between October 2001 and June 2012, the Australian Crime Commission reported that 964 people died while attempting to reach Australia for asylum purposes.
605 of the deaths occurred between October 2009 and June 2012.
A majority of the people who died who were attempting to reach Australia originated from Afghanistan,Iran, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
The number of people who have been seeking asylum by boat in Australia has been increasing each year. In 2008-2009, a reported 985 people landed in Australia. In 2009-2010, criminal justice programs reported 5,327 landings, which, dropped slightly to 4,750 in 2010-2011, and then doubled to 8,092 people in 2011-2012.
Source: “People Smuggling Has Led To Almost 1,000 Deaths, Says Report,” Bernama, July 30, 2013.
Girls Under 18 Who are Married Around the World
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
According to the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), there are an estimated 51 million girls under the age of 18 who are married worldwide.
In addition to the minors who are already married, the ICRW estimates that an underage girl gets married every three seconds, or 10 million child marriages during the year.
In countries such as Pakistan, there is an illegal custom called Swara where young girls are forcibly married off to settle family and tribal disputes. According to figures collected by activists, at least 180 cases of young girls being forced into marriage occur. An article by Foreign Policy magazine reported on a 5 year old girl who was married off to an older man as compensation.
70 percent of girls in Pakistan are married before they reach the age of 16, according to UNICEF.
Source: Adriana Carranca, “Malala’s Forgotten Sisters,” Foreign Policy, July 12, 2013.
Crystal Meth Use and Market in Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
An estimated 50,000 to 80,000 people in Pakistan abuse crystal meth, according to treatment officials in the city.
A typical meth user in the country spends between $5 to $10 (500 to 1,000 Pakistani Rupees) on purchasing the drug each day in the city of Karachi. In the country, meth is more expensive than heroin. A gram of meth can cost between $5 to $8 per gram (500 to 800 Rupees), while a gram of heroin costs between $3 to $5 per gram (300 to 500 Rupees). (More on how much meth costs here.)
There are an estimated 1 million drug addicts in Pakistan.
(More meth addiction facts here.)
Source: Ammar Shahbazi, “In ghettos, a meth-merising addiction taking over,” The News, June 16, 2013.
Price to Buy a Kidney in Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
A Canadian woman traveled to Pakistan in order to purchase a kidney transplant. The woman told the CTV News that she paid $10,000 for the operation. After returning to Canada, the kidney she received failed and later exams found that the kidney was no longer functioning.
(More prices of organs and illegal kidney transplants.)
Source: “Canadians desperate for transplants turn to illegal organ trade,” CTV News, June 1, 2013.
Counterfeit Drugs in Pakistan
in COUNTERFEIT GOODS
According to the Chairman of the Pharma Bureau in Pakistan, the pharmaceutical market in the country is worth $2 Billion year. Out of the total legitimate market, counterfeit drugs is estimated to take up to 15 percent of the market, or $300 Million a year.
The 15 percent estimate of fake drugs in Pakistan by industry representatives is lower than the 30 to 40 percent estimate given by the World Health Organization in 2012.
Source: Farhan Zaheer, “Country badly needs a study to assess threat from fake drugs,” Express Tribune, May 20, 2013.
Iranian Fuel Smuggling Into Pakistan
in ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
In March 2013, diesel smugglers in Pakistan were selling a liter of fuel in $1.06 (104 Pakistani Rupee), less than the official price of $1.14 (112 Rupee). The fuel was smuggled into the black market from Iran.
Traders of the black market diesel estimated between 100 to 130 fuel tankers that each hold between 25,000 to 40,000 liters of fuel are smuggled from Iran to Pakistan or Afghanistan each day.
Source: Hamdan Albaloshi, “FEATURE-Iran sanctions spur boom for Pakistani diesel smugglers,” Reuters, March 31, 2013.
Number of Illegal Cigarettes Smoked in Pakistan in 2012
in BUSINESS SECURITY
23.5 Billion illegal cigarettes were smoked in Pakistan in 2012. Illegal tobacco consists of cigarettes that avoided tax payments, were smuggled into the country, or were counterfeits.
Tobacco taxes in Pakistan make up 68.5 to 81 percent of the retail price of a pack of cigarettes.
Source: Javed Mirza, “Illicit cigarette trade to cost Rs100 billion to exchequer,” The News (Pakistan), March 19, 2013.
Economic Impact of Corruption in Pakistan
in BUSINESS SECURITY
The Chairman of Pakistan’s National Accountability Bureau stated that corruption and tax evasion activities in Pakistan causes a total loss of $102 Million to $122 Million (10 Billion to 12 Billion Pakistani Rupee) every day.
(More security threats to Pakistan.)
Source: “NAB claims corruption amounts to Rs10-12 billion daily in Pakistan,” News Pakistan, December 13, 2012.
Additional corruption news and statistics.
Tax Revenue Losses to Tire Smuggling in Pakistan
in BUSINESS SECURITY
The Government of Pakistan is losing up to $80 Million a year due to the smuggling of used tires from India and China.
In 2010, smuggled tires in Pakistan consisted of 20 percent of the total passenger car tire market, while imported tires stood at 37 percent and domestic tires at 43 percent. Smuggled tires made up 52 percent of the light truck market, and 47 percent of the trucks/buses tire market.
The used tires end up in Pakistan because China and India dump scrap materials in bulk in Pakistan.
Source: Hina Mahgul Rind, “‘Smuggling of tyres causes annual losses worth $80m’,” News International, October 11, 2012.
Drug Arrests in Sri Lanka
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Since the end of the civil war in Sri Lanka in 2009, there has been an increased in the number of people arrested for illegal drug offenses.
In 2009, law enforcement agencies arrested 19,000 people on various drug crimes. In 2010, the number of arrests increased to nearly 30,000.
In 2011, the number of drug arrests continued to increase to 40,000.
In the first half of 2012, some 19,000 suspects were arrested for drug crimes in Sri Lanka. The estimated street value of the drugs seized in the first half of 2012 was worth $7.7 Million. Most of the foreign drug dealers in the country came from India and Pakistan.
According to government data, nearly 3,000 Sri Lankans were being treated for drug abuse in 2009.
(Latest drug trafficking statistics here.)
Source: “SRI LANKA: Upsurge in illegal drug seizures,” IRIN, October 4, 2012.
Numer of Reported Kidnapping Cases in Pakistan in 2011
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
There were about 7,000 reported cases of kidnappings in Pakistan in 2011, with 3,090 kidnapping occurring in the city of Karachi.
The Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child, a Pakistani child advocacy organization, stated that Pakistan is one of the world’s five most dangerous countries for kidnappings.
Source: Michele Langevine Leiby, “Pakistan a dismal place to be a kid, report finds,” Washington Post, September 24, 2012.
Marijuana in Northwest Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Shopkeepers in the Pakistani town of Bara purchase kilograms of marijuana at prices between $530 to $690 (50,000 to 60,00 Pakistani Rupees). The price of a kilogram of marijuana increased in 2012 from the previous price of $200 (20,000 Rupees) due to violent conflicts between militants in the valley region.
Militants who set up checkpoints skim off $21 (2,00 Rupees) per kilogram of marijuana from smugglers. The smugglers themselves are able to make $52 (5,000 Rupees) per kilo, while the shopkeepers make $105 (10,000 Rupees) per kilogram of marijuana.
(See more cannabis prices from around the world)
Source: Associated Press, “Pakistan conflict fueling marijuana boom,” Sunday Times, September 9, 2012.
(More security threats and crime in Pakistan.)
Human smuggling fees from Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Migrants from Pakistan who attempt to illegally enter the United States reportedly pay human smugglers between $18,000 to $26,000 to be smuggled into the US via Bangkok.
In the first half of the 2000s, migrants were paying smugglers $13,500 to be smuggled into the United Kingdom.
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, most Pakistanis who are smuggled out of the country are single men who are 30 year old.
Source: “Migrant Smuggling in Asia: A Thematic Review of Literature,” United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, August 2012.
Price of Artifacts Smuggled Out of Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
An artifact smuggler working out of Pakistan stated that he is able to sell a Buddha statue weighing between 40 to 80 kilograms for $20,000 on the global black market.
While digging, the smuggler says that he pays the local police station a bribe of $106 (10,000 Pakistani Rupees) as an advance, and $10.62 (1,000 Rupees) for each day of digging.
Source: AFP, “Millionaires unveil Pakistan’s artefact smuggling secrets,” DAWN, August 9, 2012.
Heroin Trafficking through Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
In 2011, between 210 tons to 240 tons of Afghan heroin was smuggled though Pakistan on its way to the global drug market. The amount of heroin that was moved through Pakistan represented 35 to 40 percent of the total heroin produced in Afghanistan in 2011, and was worth between $25 and $30 Billion.
(Additional heroin facts and statistics.)
Around 25 percent of Afghan heroin was smuggled though Northern routes on its way to Russia.
(How much does heroin cost per gram?)
Source: “‘Over 200 tonnes of heroin is smuggled via Pakistan a year’,” Dawn, July 5, 2012.
Drug Addiction in Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
In 2011, there were an estimated 9.6 million drug abusers in Pakistan. 1.5 million people in the country abused opium, while 750,000 people were addicted to heroin. 200,000 injected themselves with drugs.
10 percent of college students and 40 percent of the prison population abuses drugs in Pakistan, according to medical experts.
The domestic market in illegal drugs in Pakistan is estimated to be worth $1.5 Billion. Global drug trafficking through Pakistan is estimated to be worth $4.8 Billion.
Source: Muhammad Qasim, “Drug addiction increasing alarmingly,” News International, June 26, 2012.
Fake Drugs in Pakistan
in COUNTERFEIT GOODS
The World Health Organization estimates that between 30 to 40 percent of all drugs and medicine in Pakistan is counterfeit. According to an official with a pharmaceutical organization, over 100 patients died at a single hospital due to taking counterfeit heart medications.
People in Pakistan spend up to 77 percent of their health budgets on medicines.
Source: Hina Mahgul Rind, “IPR challenges drive foreign pharmaceuticals away from Pakistan,” The News, May 12, 2012.
Market Size of Contraband Cigarettes in Pakistan in 2011
in BUSINESS SECURITY
The black market in contraband cigarettes in Pakistan was estimated to be around 26 percent in 2011.
In 2011, an estimated 1,685,000 cigarettes were sold on the illicit market of Pakistan.
Source: “2011 sees increase in sale of tax-evaded cigarette brands,” Daily Times, May 5, 2012.
Kidnappings by the Taliban in Karachi, Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Police in the Pakistani city of Karachi report the Taliban is generating revenue from kidnap and ransom activities, extortion and bank robberies.
In 2011, there were over 100 cases of kidnap for ransom cases in the city, an all time high.
Local criminals who kidnap for ransom generally hold their hostage for up to six weeks until some sort of payment or settlement is made. Hostages held by the Taliban are generally held between 6 months to 1 year and demand payment in foreign currency.
Source: “Taliban’s brisk trade of kidnapping in Karachi,” BBC News, March 23, 2012.
Kidnapping in Lahore
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Between January 1 to March 20, 2012, there have been as many as 400 reported cases of kidnapping across the Pakistani city of Lahore.
In 2011, there were around 2,954 cases of kidnappings reported in the city. In 2010, up to 2,831 people were kidnapped.
According to city residents, the most effective way to retrieve kidnapped family members is to pay the ransom.
Source: Imran Chaudhry, “Kidnappings on the rise in city,” Daily Times, March 23, 2012.
2011 Cigaratte Smuggling in Pakistan
in BUSINESS SECURITY
An estimated 1,685,000 cigarettes were smuggling and sold on the black market of Pakistan in 2011, an increase of 65 percent from the previous year.
A smuggled pack of cigarettes is sold illegally for $0.27 to $0.33 (35 to 30 Pakistani Rupees), while a legitimate pack of cigarettes that included all taxes and duties would be sold for $0.77 (70 Pakistani Rupees).
Source: “Sale of smuggled cigarettes up by 65 percent,” Business Recorder, March 10, 2012.
Heroin Addiction in Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
According to a report by the Associated Press, there are over 4 million people in Pakistan who areaddicted to heroin. All of the heroin is trafficked in to the country from Afghanistan.
In the city of Peshawar, addicts purchase a hit of heroin for $0.20.
(How much does it cost to buy heroin on the black market?)
Source: Associated Press, “Pakistan school strives to beat the Taliban trap,” Google News, February 27, 2012.
Kidnapping for ransom statistics in Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
The Interior Ministry of Pakistan reported that there were 474 cases of kidnapping for ransom in 2010, and 467 kidnapping for ransom cases in 2011.
The average ransom demand is between $500,000 to $2.2. Million, although the amount paid out to the kidnappers is usually negociated down to one-tenth that amount.
Source: Declan Walsh, “Taliban Gaining More Resources From Kidnapping,” New York Times, February 19, 2012.
Kidnappings of foreigners in Pakistan in 6 month period
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Between July 2011 and January 2012, at least 7 foreigners have been kidnapped while in Pakistan, according to a tally by the Associated Press. 4 kidnappings of foreigners occurred in January 2012 alone.
Source: Associated Press, “Kidnappings of foreigners throw spotlight on dangers in Pakistan, hampering aid efforts,” Washington Post, January 25, 2012.
Human smuggling of Afghans out of the country
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Between January and November 2011, over 30,000 people from Afghanistan applied for asylum in countries around the world, according to an investigation by the Associated Press. Many of the who have left Afghanistan are believed to have paid a human smuggler to get them out of the country.
An Afghan pays around a few hundred dollars to be smuggled into neighboring Pakistan or Iran. The price increases to over $25,000 when attempting to be smuggled into London or Stockholm with fake identification.
In total, the human smuggling business out of Afghanistan and Pakistan is estimated to be a $1 Billion a year industry.
Source: Associated Press, “APNewsBreak: Afghan asylum bids at 10-year high, human smuggling rife as troops begin to leave,” Washington Post, January 21, 2012.
Seizures of Unlicensed Books in Pakistan
in COUNTERFEIT GOODS
During raids conducted in December 2011, authorities seized over 100,000 pirated books in Pakistan, with a majority of the book being seized in the city of Lahore.
Every year, the government of Pakistan losses up to $221 Million (20 Billion Pakistan Rupees) in tax revenue due to the pirating of intellectual property within the country.
information collected from government agencies, news articles and other public information sources.
Bribes in South Asia
in BUSINESS SECURITY
One third of respondents to a survey in South Asia reported paying a bribe to officials in 2011 for legally entitled services.
40 percent of citizens in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the Maldives reported that they paid a briber to a government worker. The police were the largest recipients of the bribes.
Up to two-thirds of people in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan who had contact with the police paid a bribe during the year.
Source: AFP, “A third of south Asians made to pay bribes: survey,” Google News, December 22, 2011.
Pakistan’s Human Traffickers
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
According to an officer with the Federal Investigation Agency, there are over 400 human traffickers who are operating within Pakistan.
Up to 75 to 100 illegal immigrants are entering the Pakistan every day through through the country’s airports.
(Prices paid for victims by human traffickers.)
Source: Ali Hassan, “Human trafficking cases witness sharp increase in 2011,” Daily Times, October 24, 2011.
Human Trafficking in Pakistan From 2008 to 2011
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Between 2008 and 2011, the Federal Investigation Agency in Pakistan reported arresting 4,378 people for human trafficking.
Source: “4378 human traffickers arrested in last three years : Malik ,” Associated Press of Pakistan, October 14, 2011.
Price of Woman Sold in Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
A women who was rescued by police in Pakistan was reportedly sold by human traffickers for $342 (30,000 Pakistani Rupees). After the initial sale, she was kept in a room and was in the process of being sold off again in an auction when police showed up.
(More facts about human trafficking.)
Source: “Human trafficking: Abducted women auctioned off to highest bidder,” Express Tribune, September 28, 2011.
Fruit smuggling in Iran
in BUSINESS SECURITY
Fruit smuggling into Iran is costing farmers in Pakistan up to $40 Million a year in lost revenue. Exports of the citrus fruit kinnow has dropped from previous levels of 2,000 containers to only 200 containers in recent years.
Source: Shahid Shah, “Fruits smuggling to Iran Pakistan losing $40m annually,” The News, September 17, 2011.
Tax Losses From Counterfeit Tobacco in Pakistan
in BUSINESS SECURITY, COUNTERFEIT GOODS
The sale of counterfeit cigarettes in Pakistan lead to losses of $11 .5 Million (1 Billion Pakistani Rupees) a year in government revenue.
Source: PPI, “Up in smoke: Tobacco industry losing billions to tax evasion,” Express Tribune, August 12, 2011.
Student Jobs harvesting opium in Afghanistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Students from the Pakistani province of Balochistan are able to enter Afghanistan during opium harvesting season and find jobs. According to local social workers, the students are able to earn around $15 to $20 a day harvesting opium.
In 2010, many of the students returned home to Pakistan after earning $1,500 to $2,000 for the entire season.
(More heroin facts and statistics.)
Source: Qaiser Butt, “Illicit drug production: Balochistan madrassa students harvest poppy on holidays,” Express Tribune, August 5, 2011.
Trafficking of Heroin into Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Up to 150 metric tons of heroin enters Pakistan every year, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
80 tons of heroin is consumed domestically inside Pakistan, with the remaining 70 metric tons being trafficked through the country on to other destinations.
42 percent of all heroin produced in Afghanistan is smuggled to Pakistan for domestic use or en route to Europe and other locations.
Source: Misbah Saba Malik, “Drug trafficking, a rising concern in Pakistan,” Xinhua, July 29, 2011.
Opiate market in Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
The black market trade of opiates in Pakistan was worth $1.2 Billion in 2009, according to the United Nations Office on Crime and Drugs. The total market value includes both international trafficking and domestic consumption of heroin.
Source: UNODC, “World Drug Report 2011,” June 2011, page 83.
Hostages Held For Ransom in Pakistan in 2008 and 2009
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
1,264 hostages were kidnapped and held for ransom in Pakistan in 2008, according to the US National Counterterrorism Center.
In 2009, the number of hostages kidnapped increased to 3,366.
Number of Smuggled Cigarettes Sold in Pakistan
in BUSINESS SECURITY
Cigarette smuggling in Pakistan causes $116 Million (10 Billion Pakistan Rupees) to be lost in tax revenue for the government of Pakistan.
15 billion smuggled cigarettes are sold within Pakistan each year.
Source: “Duty-unpaid cigarettes causing Rs10b loss to exchequer,” Nation, May 25, 2011.
Organ Trade in Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Between March 2010 and April 2011, there were 450 cases of organ trafficking reported in Karachi, Pakistan.
Before an organ transplant law was enacted in March 2010, up to 1,500 black market organ transplantswere taking place within the country, with patients paying between $10,00 to $20,000 to receive black market organs.
Source: Faiza Ilyas, “Alarm over organ trade resurgence,” Dawn, April 29, 2011.
Human Trafficking Arrests in Pakistan in 2009
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Pakistan’s Minister for the Interior stated that 1,755 people were arrested on human trafficking charges in 2009.
1,779 people were arrested on human trafficking charges in 2010.
26 of the most wanted human traffickers were arrested in 2009, with 16 most wanted arrested in 2010.
(More crime in Pakistan statistics.)
Source: Javaid-ur-rahman, “Govt admits failure to stem human trade,” Nation, April 26, 2011.
Human smuggling on the Iran/Pakistan border
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
In 2010, Iranian security service agents handed over 8,372 illegal immigrants to Pakistan officials after the immigrants were caught attempting to be smuggled into Iran.
In the first 4 months of 2011, 2,666 illegal immigrants were returned to Pakistan from Iran in the first 4 months of 2011.
Source: “Illegal immigration: Sharp rise in human trafficking to Iran,” Express Tribune, April 25, 2011.
Average Length Hostage Held Captive in Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Pakistanis who are kidnapped in the country are held on average for about 30 days and released after a ransom payment of $50,000. Foreigners who are kidnapped tend to be held longer with the ransom demand being higher as well.
Source: Peter Apps, “Factbox: Global kidnap hotspots and ransom costs,” Reuters, February 17, 2011.
Number of Heroin Users in the United Kingdom
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
At the beginning of 2011, the number of people in the United Kingdom who were dealing with heroin addiction was estimated to be 300,000.
According to intelligence and security officials, most of the heroin that was abused in the United Kingdom originated from Afghanistan and Pakistan and was smuggled into the country.
(More crime in the United Kingdom statistics here.)
Source: “Dramatic drop in amount of heroin in UK,” BBC News, January 31, 2011.
Reported Ransom Cases in Pakistan in 2010
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
In 2009, there were 300 reported cases of kidnapping for ransom in Pakistan.
In the first 9 months of 2010, there were 550 reported cases of kidnapping for ransom in the country.
Source: Azizullah Khan, “Massive rise in kidnappings in Pakistani province,” BBC News, October 14, 2010.
Value of Heroin Trafficking in Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Opium trafficking in Pakistan is a $1 Billion industry, according to intelligence officers and security officials.
Source: UNODC, “The Globalization of Crime,” Chapter 11: Regions Under Stress, June 2010.
Profits from Bootlegging Johnnie Walker in Pakistan
in BUSINESS SECURITY
With alcohol being banned in Pakistan, a bootlegger can earn up to $4,000 a year selling bottles of Johnnie Walker Black Label Scotch Whisky on the black market. The earnings is about seven times more than the average Pakistani yearly salary.
Some alcoholic smugglers pay police chiefs up to $1,200 a month in bribes in order to allow contraband alcohol to be allowed to pass through, with lower level bootleggers paying $350 in bribes to be released from police custody.
Cans of Carlsberg and Heineken are sold for $8 a can, and bottles of Whiskey sold for $25 to $50.
In general, prices of alcoholic beverages sold on the black market are 20 percent higher then the price when it was sold legally in bars.
(More income and cash payments from under the table jobs and services.)
Source: Adam B. Ellick, “Bootlegging, Pakistan-Style,” New York Times, April 12, 2010.
Number of Abductions of British Citizens in Pakistan in 2009
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
According to the newspaper The Times, 19 of the 25 cases of international kidnapping of British citizens reported to the Serious Organised Crime Agency in 2009 took place in Pakistan. The 19 kidnapping cases were an increase from the 10 cases reported in 2008.
Source: Sean OiNeill, Adam Fresco, and Russell Jenkins, “Sahil Saeed ordeal exposes growth of homeland kidnap ‘trade’,” Times, March 22, 2010.
Tea Smuggling in Pakistan
in BUSINESS SECURITY
Tea smuggling in Pakistan caused the government to lose up to $4.5 Million a month in lost tax revenue.
Source: “Tea smuggling causes revenue loss of Rs 382.66m,” Daily Times, January 7, 2010.
Number of Sex Workers in Karachi and Lahore
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
The prostitution industry in Pakistan has an estimated 100,000 prostitutes working in the city of Karachi. An addition 75,000 prostitutes work in the city of Lahore.
60 percent of prostitutes either work from home or walk the streets.
Source: AFP, “Pakistan sex workers on AIDS frontline,” Google News, November 30, 2009.
Heroin addicts in the city of Karachi
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
In the Pakistani city of Karachi, there were an over an estimated 25,000 people with heroin addiction in the city in 2009.
(More crime in Pakistan statistics.)
Source: Waqar Hamza, “25,000 heroin addicts in City,” The Nation, November 15, 2009.
Opium Trade in Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
The illegal opium trade in Pakistan is estimated to by the United Nations to be worth $1 Billion a year.
(More heroin statistics here.)
Source: Associated Press, “UN: Afghan drug flow wreaks global havoc,” Google News, October 21, 2009.
Losses From Illegal Timber Trade in Pakistan
in ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
Illegal logging in Pakistan creates annual losses of $782 Million (65 Billion Pakistani Rupees).
Source: Animesh Roul, “Gems, Timber and Jiziya: Pakistan’s Taliban Harness Resources to Fund Jihad,” Jamestown Foundation, April 30, 2009.
Annual Losses to Petrol Smuggling in Pakistan
in ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
Oil smuggling in Pakistan leads to annual losses of $66 Million (5 to 6 Billion Pakistani Rupees).
Source: “Govt losses Rs5-6 billion annually as sale of Iranian petrol in Pakistan soars,” Pak Tribune, December 11, 2006.
Nuclear warheads in Pakistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
The Pakistani Military is estimated to have between 70 to 90 nuclear warheads.
Source: Associated Press, “Security of Pakistan nuclear weapons questioned,” Google News, October 12, 2009.
Heroin Smuggling into India
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
10 tons of heroin is smuggled into India each year, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
A majority of the heroin is smuggled in from Afghanistan via Pakistan, with the rest of the heroin being smuggled in from Myanmar.
(Additional heroin facts and statistics.)
Source: The Economic Times, “India is a major drug hub: US,” UNODC, September18, 2007.
Human smuggling brings world to US-Mexico border
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Between 2007 and 2009, US Border Patrol Agents apprehended 2, 285 illegal immigrants from China attempting to enter the United States from the US-Mexico border.
In addition to the Chinese, those apprehend by Border Patrol included nearly a thousands people from Europe, 80 from Pakistan, 36 from Somalia, 19 from Yemen, 25 from Iraq and 26 from Iran.
Source: Pierre Thomas, “Exclusive: FBI Says Corrupt Border Officials Accepting Bribes Expose U.S. to Terrorist Risk,” ABC News, September 24, 2009.
Price of an AK-47 assault rifle in Afghanistan
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
In 2009, an AK-47 smuggled into Pakistan was selling for $400, up from $150 a few months earlier.
The AK-47s in Afghanistan are made in China and was smuggled into the country by arms traffickers from Pakistan.
Rise in Reported Abductions in Pakistan From 2006 to 2008
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Kidnapping for ransom cases increased by over a hundred percent within the last several years in Karachi, Pakistan.
There were 92 cases of kidnapping for ransom in 2008.
64 cases of kidnapping for ransom were reported in 2007, and 28 cases reported in 2006.
Source: Associated Press, “Kidnappings for ransom spike in Pakistan,” Las Vegas Sun, June 6, 2009.
Value of the Illegal Drugs Market in Pakistan
in SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Sales of illegal drugs in Pakistan is estimated to create a $4.8 Billion (300 to 500 Billion Pakistan Rupees) market.
Source: Ikramul Haq, “Drug trafficking & black economy,” Pakistan Observer, July 6, 2009.
Piracy losses in Pakistan
in COUNTERFEIT GOODS
Book piracy, movie piracy, software piracy and music piracy caused a total loss of $156 Million in Pakistan in 2007.
Locations Where Illegal Organ Trade Occurs
in TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
The World Health Organization and Reuters produced a factsheet stating the top five locations whereorgan trafficking occurs. The countries are as follows:
1. China
2. Pakistan
3. Egypt
4. Colombia
5. Philippines
(Prices of illegal organs and kidney transplants.)
Lost Tax Revenue in Pakistan due to Counterfeit Tobacco Sales
in BUSINESS SECURITY, COUNTERFEIT GOODS
Counterfeit cigarettes causes $220 Million in lost tax revenue to the government of Pakistan.
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