Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan launching a 100-day campaign to end corruption

[Shaista]

اسلام آ باد: ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان نے تحریک تحفظ پاکستان کی جانب سے کرپشن ختم کرنے اور عوام میں ایماندار اور مخلص سیاستدانوں کو ووٹ ڈالنے کے لئے 100 دن پر مشتمل آگاہی مہم شروع کرنے کا اعلان کیا ہے۔

تحریک تحفظ پاکستان کے سیکرٹری جنرل چوہدری خورشید ذمان نے ایک پریس کانفرنس سے خطاب کرتے ہوئے بتایا کہ ان کی جماعت 2013 میں عام انتخابات میں حصہ لے گی۔

انھوں نے کہا کہ ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان کسی بھی پبلک آفس میں عہدہ سنبھالنے کے بجائے جماعت کی قیادت
اور اہم امور میں اسکی رہنمائی کریں گے۔

تحریک تحفظ پاکستان کے سیکرٹری جنرل چوہدری خورشید ذمان نے کہا کہ 100 دنوں پر مشتمل مہم کا
آغاز منگل سے ہو گا اور مہم کے دوران ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان بار ایسوسی ایشنز، یونیورسٹیز، چیمبر آف کامرس اور مختلف انڈسٹریز سے خطاب کریں گے۔

مہم کا آغاز کہوٹا شہر سے کیا جائے گا جہاں پاکستان کی جوہری تنصیبات موجود ہیں۔

http://www.express.pk/story/22369/

[seekers]

Correct the title: Father of Pakistan nuclear program is Dr. Muneer Ahmed Khan not Dr. Qadeer khan.

[Mansoor Khan]

Correct the title: Father of Pakistan nuclear program is Dr. Muneer Ahmed Khan not Dr. Qadeer khan.

kin ko ye bata rahey ho. yahan sarey aqal e qul hai. koi research hi nahin karta bus jo media ne kehdia tu wohi ratta karte rahenge. i ve told them many a times but they dont like it. Muneer Ahmad khan was the greatest of them all

[gotti]

Yaar aap log saray khud bhi media say hi yeh baat lay ker aye ho na...Samar mubarakmand Kay interview ko dekh ker jissay '98 main takleef nahi hui jab mohsin e pakistan ka khitaab diya ja raha tha

Uss waqt inn sahab nay akhbaron ko kyun nahi kaha aur muneer sahab kay saath na insaafi honay di aur qaum ko dhokay main rakha

Na kerain yaar aap log, khud kaunsa '70s say kaam ker rahay hain kahuta main ya nuke program ki under ki khabron say waaqif hain...aam aadmi ko kitaabon say aur akhbaron say ilm milta hai jiss tarah aapko bhi geo tv say mila

Insaan bunyaadi taur pay mazloom kay liye apna dil dukha ta aur phir uskay liye awaaz uthata hai

inqilaabi soch apni jagah, haqaiq aur ghair-siyasi soch apni jagah

Ab '92 ka world cup bhi imran nay akelay nahi jitaya, 10 khilaari aur thay, laikin naam to uska hi hota hai na

Na kerain dosto, Abdul Kalam ko kisi Hindu nay kuch nahi kaha jabkay wahan taasub kitna hai, yeh to phir bhi musalmaan hain

[aykay47]

If I say that Imran Khan did not want to win the 1992 worldcup as the actual performance was given by Javed Miandad in the semi finasl, pti walon ke pichhwaray main aag lag jani hai, per aisee batain doosron kay ziman main khoob khul kar kar letay hain, ghareeb or nadaar loag, soch or fehm ke nadaari kay maray huay

[seekers]

@gotti @Mansoor Khan


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Qadeer_Khan

Initiation and atomic bomb project

Main articles: Operation Smiling Buddha, Project-706, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto#Father of the Nuclear weapons program
Pakistan's atomic bomb project started on January 20, 1972, when President (later Prime minister) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, chaired a secret meeting of academic scientists atMultan.^[13] This was known as the Multan meeting where senior scientists and engineers had attended. Formal research was launched under the administrative control of Bhutto, and the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (or PAEC) under its chairman, Munir Ahmad Khan, was exploring the Plutonium route, at first, to developing an atomic device.^[13]Abdul Qadeer Khan did not join the atomic bomb project whereas had no knowledge or information of this integrated atomic project until May 1974, the controversy that doubts Abdul Qadeer Khan's "fatherlike" claim. On May 18, 1974, India conducted a surprise nuclear test, codenamed Smiling Buddha, near Pakistan's eastern border when Indian PremierIndira Gandhi gave verbal authorization to the scientists at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) to conduct a test of a device that they had built, the preparation was completed under extreme secrecy.^[13] The test was conducted at the long-constructed Indian Army base, known as Pokhran Test Range (PTR). It was only three years since Pakistan's humiliating defeat in the 1971 Indo-Pak Winter war and the Winter war had put Pakistan's mortal existence in great danger.^[14] This nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, greatly alarmed the Government of Pakistan.^[13] In Pakistan, this test was greatly sensed and saw as last anticipation of Pakistan's death.^[14] Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto quickly scrambled to establish a sustainable nuclear weapons capability in the shortest time possible.^[13] Sensing the importance of this test, Munir Ahmad Khan secretly launched theProject-706, a secret uranium enrichment programme, under its first technical director nuclear engineer Sültan Bashiruddin Mahmood.^[13]
During this time, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was working in a weapon-grade centrifuge production facility in the Netherlands as senior scientist.^[15] As he learned the news, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan went to the Pakistan Embassy in Amsterdam and approached to Pakistan government officials where he offered to help Pakistan's secret atomic bomb project.^[15] At first, he approached a pair of PAF military scientists who were in the Netherlands on business.^[15] At the Pakistan Embassy, the military scientists discouraged him by saying: "As a metallurgical engineer, it would be a hard job for him to find a job in PAEC (Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission)".^[15]
Undaunted, Abdul Qadeer Khan wrote to Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, saying: "he [Abdul Qadeer Khan] sets out his experience and encourages Prime Minister Bhutto to make an atomic bomb using uranium, rather than plutonium, the method Pakistan is currently trying to adopt under the leadership of Munir Ahmad Khan".^[15] As letter was received by Prime minister Secretariat, because Khan, at that time was unknown to the Government, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto asked the ISI to run a complete background check on Khan and prepare an assessment report on Khan.^[16] The ISI submitted its report and recommending Khan as an incompetent scientist in the field of nuclear technology based on his academic discipline.^[16] However, Bhutto was unsatisfied with ISI's report and was eager to know more about Khan, therefore Bhutto asked Munir Ahmad Khan to dispatch a team of PAEC's scientists to meet Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan.^[17] Munir Ahmad Khan chose Sültan Bashiruddin Mahmood as head of the team and the team met with Dr. Khan at night and the discussion was held until the next day.^[17] After the meeting, the team returned to Pakistan and Bhutto decided to meet Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan immediately.^[17] A letter was directed, and Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan took a leave from URENCO Group.^[17]
[edit]Nuclear technology project

Main article: Project-706
In December 1974, Abdul Qadeer Khan traveled to Pakistan and immediately went to Prime minister Secretariat without even stopping at the local hotel.^[18] The meeting was held at midnight and remained under extreme secrecy with only few knowing about it.^[18] There, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan met with Zulfikar Bhutto, Munir Ahmad Khan, and Dr. Mübascher Hassan, Bhutto's Science Adviser.^[18] During the meeting, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan enlightened the importance to Uranium-based device, but was unable to convince Bhutto to adopt uranium as the best approach rather than plutonium to make an atomic device.^[18] As Munir Ahmad Khan was a plutonium technologist and an expert in nuclear fuel cycle, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto did not agree to halt the plutonium efforts but moved to begin a parallel uranium program.^[19] After Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan took off from the Prime minister Secretariat, Zulfikar Bhutto quietly told with his close friends Munir Ahmad Khan and Mübascher Hassan that, "He [Abdul Qadeer Khan] seems to make sense."^[18] Next day early morning, another meeting was held where Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan persuaded again to Bhutto and tried to convince him to halt the plutonium pursuit.^[18] In a meeting with Bhutto, Munir Ahmad Khan and senior academic scientists and engineers at PAEC believed that they could run the reactor without Canadian assistance, and they insisted that with the French extraction plant in the offing, Pakistan should stick with its original plan. Bhutto did not disagree, but saw the advantage of mounting a parallel effort toward enriched uranium.^[14]
Prior to Abdul Qadeer Khan's inclusion, the uranium route was considered secondary, with most efforts applied to develop a device with weapons-grade plutonium.^[18] In the spring of 1976, Abdul Qadeer Khan joined the programme, and worked initially under Sultan Mahmood.^[18] However, after Mahmood briefed Khan on the project, the pair disagreed, and Abdul Qadeer Khan became highly unsatisfied with the work led by Mahmood.^[18] He wrote a letter to Munir Ahmad Khan, that was later directed to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, in which he expressed his discontent with Mahmood informing that he wanted to work independently.^[18]
[edit]Uranium enrichment program

Main article: Engineering Research Laboratories
Bhutto sensed great danger as the scientists were split between uranium and plutonium routes.^[18] Therefore, Bhutto called Abdul Qadeer Khan for a meeting, which was held at the prime minister secretariat. With the backing of Bhutto, Khan took over the enrichment programme and renamed the project to Engineering Research Laboratories (ERL).^[18] Abdul Qadeer Khan disliked the idea of PAEC getting involved in his work; instead he advocated for Corps of Engineers to lead the construction of the suitable operational enrichment plant. The E-in-C chose Brigadier Zahid Ali Akbar, a system engineer notable for leading the construction of GHQ, Pakistan Army's Combatant Headquarter.^[18] Brigadier Zahid Ali Akbar chose the city of Kahuta near Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, for the operational enrichment facility.^[18] Kahuta, at that time, was a remote and dangerous mountainous area.^[20] Due to the nature of the experiments, they were too dangerous to perform in public areas. Hence, Brigadier Zahid chose Kahuta as the optimum location because of the lack of inhabitants.^[20] Bhutto promoted, Zahid Ali Akbar to Major-General, who began to serve as the first Director of the Project-706.^[20] Major-General Akbar designed the entire city of Kahuta as well as the enrichment plant, facility and the research institute nearby.^[20] During the 1970s, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan worked at Engineering Research Laboratoriesas a senior scientist and was responsible for establishing the laboratories and the enrichment chambers.^[21] Major-General Akbar's office was moved to the General's Headquarter (GHQ) and in his capacity, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan served as the intern director of the Engineering Research Laboratories (ERL).^[21] In 1980, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was officially made the Director-General of the ERL. He would later on serve his role as more of a businessman than a scientist.^[21] The PAEC did not forgo the isotope separation program and was led by Dr. G.D. Allam in Air Science Laboratories (ASL) located at Chaklala Air force base, though G.D. Allam had not seen a centrifuge, but only had a rudimentary knowledge of the Manhattan Project.
At first the facility suffered many setbacks, and relied on foreign assistance brought by Qadeer Khan. Meanwhile, Dr. Ghulam Dastigar Alam headed the team in April 1976 and he accomplished great feat by successfully rotating the first centrifuge to 30,000 RPM. When news reached Dr. Khan, Khan requested G.D. Alam's assistance and G.D. Alam gladly helped. PAEC sent its scientists including G.D. Alam to ERL for the time being, the enrichment programme became fully functional, and on June 4, 1978, Dr. G.D. Alam and Anwar Ali succeeded in separated the ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U isotopes in an experiment which Dr. A.Q Khan also witnessed. In 1981, the uranium enrichment program became fully functional, passing the weapons-grade production and manufacturing the fissile core.^[22] In 1983, Pakistan's Chief Martial Law Administrator and Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haqsubsequently renamed it from Engineering Research Laboratories to Khan Research Laboratories (KRL).^[22]
[edit]The Scope of Research

In spite of Khan's initiation and leading the uranium program, the PAEC led by Munir Ahmad Khan remained the scientific director of entire nuclear technology project.^[21] From the beginning, Abdul Qadeer Khan was not involved in the designing of the nuclear weapons and including its calculations and such details were never provided to him by the government.^[21] Unlike other scientists who were generally allowed to visit country's most classified research institute, Khan was not allowed to visit many of secret and classified sites, such as The New Laboratories (TNL) and the Fast-Neutron Fusion Laboratories (FNF) where the weapon-grade plutonium and weapon designing took place.^[21] As opposed to others, Khan needed government clarifications and special permissions were required by Khan in order to visit such sites where he never visited alone and at least senior active duty officers would accompanied him.^[21] Since 1976, Abdul Qadeer Khan was highly confident about the fact that, since the former Prime minister's removal, the government and the military under General Zahid Ali Akbar, would appoint him as the scientific director of entire nuclear technology project. Despite Munir Khan being close to Bhutto, General Akbar, who was said to have been impressed by Munir Khan's breadth of knowledge, appointed Munir Khan as the scientific director of nuclear technology project. This appointment came as a shock and surprised many in the government and the military as Munir Khan was not known to be aligned to conservative military. To cover the damage, General Zia who feared Khan may openly protest and damage the atomic project, decided to rename the ERL after the name of Abdul Qadeer Khan.
Hence, Khan was kept in the dark and was not informed by his colleagues or the government officials if cold tests were taking place in under extreme secrecy.^[21] Khan was also not invited, nor any one provided him the details, to the secret cold test of a nuclear device, codename Kirana-I that was conducted in March 1983 by the PAEC under Munir Ahmad Khan.^[21] In 1984, Abdul Qadeer Khan's KRL claimed to carry out its own nuclear cold test of a weapon.^[23] However, this seemed unsuccessful as PAEC had already carried out the test in 1983, and would carry out 24 more cold tests of different nuclear weapon designs.^[23] In 1984, KRL had produces the first and fresh batch of weapon-grade uranium loosely based on the Zippe Type technology.^[21]
Abdul Qadeer Khan's Kahuta Research laboratories (KRL) was initially singly focused on enrichment of natural uranium into weapon-grade uranium.^[21] Despite of international media's reporting, neither the KRL nor Abdul Qadeer Khan, was mandated to participate or/ involved with other phases of the nuclear weapon research development, including the actual weapon designing, development and testing of weapons, which remained under PAEC.^[21] Nor was it involved in upstream activities such as uranium exploration, mining, refining and the production of Urania as well as the conversion of yellow cake into UF6, the gaseous feedstock for the enrichment.^[21] Nor was it responsible for contributing in nuclear energy programme or the reprocessing programme, which also remained under PAEC.^[21]
[edit]Competition with PAEC

Main articles: Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and Munir Ahmad Khan
From the start, the KRL and PAEC were fierce rivals and competitors.^[23] From the beginning of the project, Abdul Qadeer Khan disliked the idea of PAEC involvement in KRL's enrichment projects.^[23] That was the reason that Army Engineering Core had led the construction of the KRL facility under Brigadier Zahid Ali Akbar.^[23] Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was a staunch critic of Munir Ahmad Khan's work. Abdul Qadeer Khan, on many different occasions, unsuccessfully tried to remove Munir Ahmad Khan's role in the nuclear weapons research programme. In spite of that, Munir Ahmad Khan and the PAEC provided its full support to Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan's work. The Atlantic Monthly described the two as mortal enemies.^[14]
In the early 1980s, KRL also sought to develop nuclear weapons and claimed to have carried out at least one cold test in 1983.^[23] This appears to have been unsuccessful. PAEC had carried out the first cold test on 11 March 1983, and in the following years conducted 24 cold tests of different weapons designs.^[23] Khan used his influence in the government to take over the projects from PAEC and one of the notable case was in 1980, when Khan took over the Laser range-finder project, which was awarded to fellow scientist Dr.Shaukat Hameed Khan from PAEC.^[24] In the meantime, the KRL launched other competing weapons development projects, such as the nuclear-capable and liquid-fueled Ghauri-I programme.^[25] In early 1995, the PAEC developed the solid fueled Shaheen-I Systems.^[25] According to its scientists, the PAEC's Shaheen missile programme was highly ambitious and ingenious. Dr. Samar Mubarakmand was the lead designer of the Shaheen missile programme.^[25]
In 1980s, KRL produced both weapons and reactor grade uranium to level the competition with PAEC.^[25] However, while PAEC developed its the programme indigenously under Munir Ahmad Khan, Ishfaq Ahmad and Samar Mubarakmand, Abdul Qadeer Khan's team anticipated and richly contributed to the country's first Battlefield Range Ballistic Missile(BRBM), the Hatf missile system, collaborating with the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO).^[25]
[edit]1998 Atomic Testings

Main articles: Chagai-I and Chagai-II
As the competition between KRL and PAEC was already intense, the competition became highly intensified when neighboring India conduct a series of tests of its nuclear bombs, codename Pokhran-II, in 1998 in long-constructed Indian Army Pokhran Test Range.^[23] These nuclear tests conducted by India caused great alarm and internal tension in Pakistan.^[23] Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister at that time, came under intense media and public pressure to conduct its own nuclear tests.^[23] After the Indian nuclear weapons tests, Abdul Qadeer Khan repeatedly met with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, trying for permission to test Pakistan's nuclear weapons in Chagai.^[23] He proposed the idea that the tests could by carried out in the underground tunnels in Kahuta.^[23] But it was denied by the government as well as the Pakistan Defence Forces as too aggressive towards India and raging a war against India.^[23] Despite his efforts, Sharif instead chose PAEC, under Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad, due to their experience of ingeniously carrying out the tests in the past.^[23]
When the news reached to him that PAEC has been tasked with the testings, furious Khan was badly upset and frustrated with the Prime minister.^[23] Without wasting a minute, Khan reached to Pakistan Army's Combatant General's Headquarter (GHQ) where he met with General Jehängir Karamat, Chief of Army Staff, where he lodged a strong protest and grievousness to the Chief of Army Staff.^[23] General Karamat then called the Prime minister Secretariat, and Prime minister decided that KRL scientists, including Dr. A.Q. Khan, would also be involved in the nuclear test preparations and present at the time of testing alongside those of the PAEC.^[23] In meantime, Sharif sought to mitigate the intense rivalry between PAEC and KRL by asking Khan to provide its enriched uranium to PAEC.^[23] Prime minister Sharif also urged both KRL and PAEC to work together in the nation's best interest.^[23] It was the KRL's HEU that ultimately led to the successful detonation of Pakistan's first nuclear devices on 28 May 1998, under codename Chagai-I.^[22] Two days later, on 30 May, a small team of scientists belonging to PAEC, under the leadership of Dr. Samar Mubarakmand, a plutonium nuclear device, codename Chagai-II.^[26] According to Pakistan defense analyst and retired engineer officer Lieutenant-General Talat Masood, the weapon-grade device was much more powerful than the uranium device.^[23][26] The yieldof the device was reported to produce ~20kt of nuclear force.^[26] However, in an interview with Dr. Shahid Masood of ARY Television Network, Abdul Qadeer Khan said that even the second nuclear test was also based on Uranium-fissile fuel, though he did not provide any evidence to his claim despite the anchor urged to provide the claims.^[27]
In an interview and the thesis written in his book, Khan maintained that eye-witnessing the nuclear tests, and becoming of Pakistan as nuclear power, were the happiest, finest, and most glorified days of his life.

[darkinsky]

If I say that Imran Khan did not want to win the 1992 worldcup as the actual performance was given by Javed Miandad in the semi finasl, pti walon ke pichhwaray main aag lag jani hai, per aisee batain doosron kay ziman main khoob khul kar kar letay hain, ghareeb or nadaar loag, soch or fehm ke nadaari kay maray huay

HAHAHHHAHHAHAHA

well said bro

[ts_rana]

one thing is very clear that Mr Qadeer wasn't the part of that team who initiated the step. He came later after stealing info from Holland. Please dont distort the history. This is a problem with Pakistan. If we go back to 1940s then everybody will know that MULLAH were the biggest opposition of Pak but now they r THEKEDAR . reason is very simple , history distortion...

[AstanoshKhan]

If I say that Imran Khan did not want to win the 1992 worldcup as the actual performance was given by Javed Miandad in the semi finasl, pti walon ke pichhwaray main aag lag jani hai, per aisee batain doosron kay ziman main khoob khul kar kar letay hain, ghareeb or nadaar loag, soch or fehm ke nadaari kay maray huay

Kardi Na Nooray Wali Baat... Iss Logic Say Tho Tipu Sultan, Muhammad Bin Qasim Aor Salahuddin Ayubi Nay Kuch Bhi Nai Kiya...

[aykay47]

Kardi Na Nooray Wali Baat... Iss Logic Say Tho Tipu Sultan, Muhammad Bin Qasim Aor Salahuddin Ayubi Nay Kuch Bhi Nai Kiya...

yehi logic tum loag use kartay ho jab Atomic Blast, Judiciary restoration or Chief Election Commissioner ke baat hoti hai, Muhammad Bin Qasim or Salahuddin Ayubi ko compare na karro, sharam karro, unn ke Islam kay liay contributions hain or Khan nay jo haspataal banya ussay bhee siasat kay naam per badnaam kar deya